Interpreting I/O operation requests from pageable guests without host intervention

ABSTRACT

Input/output (I/O) operation requests from pageable storage mode guests are interpreted without host intervention. In a pageable mode virtual environment, requests issued by pageable storage mode guests are processed by one or more processors of the environment absent intervention from one or more hosts of the environment. Processing of the requests includes manipulating, by at least one processor on behalf of the guests, buffer state information stored in host storage. The manipulating is performed via instructions initiated by the guests and processed by one or more of the processors.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED PATENTS/APPLICATIONS

This application contains subject matter which is related to the subjectmatter of the following patents/applications, each of which is assignedto the same assignee as this application. Each of the below listedpatents/applications is hereby incorporated herein by reference in itsentirety:

“SELF-CONTAINED QUEUES WITH ASSOCIATED CONTROL INFORMATION FOR RECEIPTAND TRANSFER OF INCOMING AND OUTGOING DATA USING A QUEUED DIRECTINPUT-OUTPUT DEVICE,” Baskey et al., U.S. Pat. No. 6,332,171 B1, issuedDec. 18, 2001;

“METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR SIMULATION OF DATA IN A VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENTUSING A QUEUED DIRECT INPUT-OUTPUT DEVICE,” Brice et al., U.S. Pat. No.6,345,241 B1, issued Feb. 5, 2002;

“METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PROVIDING CONFIGURATION INFORMATION USING AQUEUED DIRECT INPUT-OUTPUT DEVICE,” Markos et al., U.S. Pat. No.6,519,645 B2, issued Feb. 11, 2003; and

“FACILITATING MANAGEMENT OF STORAGE OF A PAGEABLE MODE VIRTUALENVIRONMENT ABSENT INTERVENTION OF A HOST OF THE ENVIRONMENT,” Blandy etal., Ser. No. 10/854,990, (POU920040072US1), filed May 27, 2004.

TECHNICAL FIELD

This invention relates, in general, to input/output (I/O) processing,and, in particular, to facilitating interpretation of I/O operationrequests of pageable guests.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Efficient input/output (I/O) processing is an ever-increasing challenge,and strides are continuously being made towards improving efficiency. Asone example, in order to achieve considerably higher bandwidths thanpreviously allowed, an enhanced input/output architecture, referred toas the queued direct input/output (QDIO) architecture, has been designedby International Business Machines Corporation. This architecture isexploited in various systems and products, including the zSeries systems(e.g., z900) and the z/VM operating system products offered byInternational Business Machines Corporation. These systems and productshave been enhanced to allow multiple operating system images, operatingunder host (e.g., z/VM) control, to perform queued direct I/O operationsusing TCP/IP communications adapters and Fibre Channel Protocol (FCP)adapters.

Currently, use of the QDIO architecture by guest operating systemsexecuting in pageable mode virtual machines requires extensive overheadby the host. For instance, the host needs to create and maintain shadowQDIO data queues, which mirror the QDIO actions taken against the guestoperating system created QDIO queues used to access the network or I/Odevices attached to the QDIO adapters. This QDIO shadowing/mirroringrequirement exists due to the intrinsic manner by which the hostvirtualizes guest operating system real memory addresses andtransparently shares the system's real memory pages among the guestvirtual machines in which each of the operating systems execute.

Specifically, the guest operating systems use virtualized real memoryfor the QDIO queues. However, the adapters only access host real memorylocations and not the virtualized guest real memory locations. This isbecause the adapter does not have a dynamic address translationmechanism, like the central processing units. Thus, the virtualized realmemory used for QDIO queues by a guest operating system is transparentlymapped by the host into different memory pages in actual or physicalmemory. Therefore, the hypervisor must perform various actions in orderto allow guest operating systems to use QDIO adapters.

First, it must mirror the QDIO queues created by the guest operatingsystem in guest real memory, by creating shadow copies of the guest QDIOqueues in host real memory. These shadow queues are transparentlycreated and maintained by the host, and are in turn, implicitly used bythe guest to access the QDIO adapters. Only the shadow queues areconnected to a QDIO adapter and only the host real memory I/O data areaaddresses contained in the QDIO shadow queues are actually used totransfer data to/from the adapter and main memory.

Further, the host must keep each guest created QDIO queue in synchronismwith its corresponding host created shadow QDIO queue that is used bythe QDIO adapter to perform the guest operating system specified QDIOoperations. In particular, all of the QDIO state information in theguest QDIO queues in guest real memory must be kept in synchronism withthe state information in the corresponding host shadow QDIO queues inhost real memory; and the operating system specified guest real memoryI/O data area addresses in the guest QDIO queues must be assignedcorresponding host real memory data areas by the host and these dataarea addresses must then be specified in the host created shadow queuesused by the adapter.

This process of shadowing and maintaining synchronization requires thatthe host take control of the central processor each time a guestoperating system executes a QDIO operation. Further, the processingcycles associated with the transfer of control from/to the guestoperating system and the host each time the guest performs a QDIOoperation significantly increases the total processor overhead requiredfor QDIO processing over that which is necessary when the operatingsystem is executing in a native machine environment. This additionalprocessing overhead can contribute to as much as a 40% increase in thetotal processing cycles required to run a workload as a pageable guest,as compared to executing it natively.

Based on the foregoing, a need exists for a capability that enhancesinput/output processing. For example, a need exists for a capabilitythat reduces the host processing overhead associated with performing I/Ooperations, such as QDIO operations.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The shortcomings of the prior art are overcome and additional advantagesare provided through the provision of a method of facilitating datatransfer in a pageable mode virtual environment. The method includes,for instance, obtaining by a processor of the pageable mode virtualenvironment an indication of a buffer to be used in data transfer, thebuffer being associated with a guest program operating in a pageablemode virtual machine of the pageable mode virtual environment; andperforming by the processor processing associated with the buffer toenable data transfer, the performing being absent intervention of a hostof the pageable mode virtual environment.

In a further aspect of the present invention, a method of facilitatingprocessing of input/output (I/O) operations in a pageable mode virtualenvironment is provided. The method includes, for instance, processingby a processor of the pageable mode virtual environment an I/O operationof a guest program operating in a virtual machine of the pageable modevirtual environment, wherein the processing is absent intervention by ahost of the pageable mode virtual environment.

Systems and computer program products corresponding to theabove-summarized methods are also described and claimed herein.

Additional features and advantages are realized through the techniquesof the present invention. Other embodiments and aspects of the inventionare described in detail herein and are considered a part of the claimedinvention.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The subject matter which is regarded as the invention is particularlypointed out and distinctly claimed in the claims at the conclusion ofthe specification. The foregoing and other objects, features, andadvantages of the invention are apparent from the following detaileddescription taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings inwhich:

FIG. 1 a depicts one embodiment of a computing environment toincorporate and use one or more aspects of the present invention;

FIG. 1 b depicts further details of an I/O subsystem of FIG. 1 a, inaccordance with an aspect of the present invention;

FIGS. 2 a-2 b depict one embodiment of the logic associated with guestconfiguration, in accordance with an aspect of the present invention;

FIG. 3 a depicts one example of a request block for a Store ChannelSubsystem Characteristics command, in accordance with an aspect of thepresent invention;

FIG. 3 b depicts one example of a response block for the Store ChannelSubsystem Characteristics command, in accordance with an aspect of thepresent invention;

FIG. 4 a depicts one example of a request block for a Store SubchannelQDIO Data Command, in accordance with an aspect of the presentinvention;

FIG. 4 b depicts one example of a response block for the StoreSubchannel QDIO Data Command, in accordance with an aspect of thepresent invention;

FIG. 4 c depicts one example of a subchannel QDIO description block ofthe response block of FIG. 4 b, in accordance with an aspect of thepresent invention;

FIG. 5 depicts one embodiment of the data structures of a QDIO queue, inaccordance with an aspect of the present invention;

FIG. 6 a depicts one example of a QDIO Buffer Information Control Block(QBICB), in accordance with an aspect of the present invention;

FIG. 6 b depicts one example of a queue storage descriptor of the QBICBof FIG. 6 a, in accordance with an aspect of the present invention;

FIG. 6 c depicts one example of a Fibre Channel Protocol (FCP) operationblock (FOB), in accordance with an aspect of the present invention;

FIG. 7 a depicts one example of a request block for a Set ChannelSubsystem Characteristics command, in accordance with an aspect of thepresent invention;

FIG. 7 b depicts one example of an operation data area of the requestblock of FIG. 7 a, in accordance with an aspect of the presentinvention;

FIG. 7 c depicts one example of a response block for the Set ChannelSubsystem Characteristics command, in accordance with an aspect of thepresent invention;

FIGS. 8 a-8 c depict one embodiment of the logic associated with a SetQDIO Buffer State instruction for use with network protocol I/Orequests, in accordance with an aspect of the present invention;

FIG. 9 depicts one example of a frame descriptor used in accordance withan aspect of the present invention;

FIG. 10 depicts one example of the format of a Set QDIO Buffer Stateinstruction, in accordance with an aspect of the present invention;

FIG. 11 a depicts one example of a page status table entry (PGSTE), inaccordance with an aspect of the present invention;

FIG. 11 b depicts one example of a page table entry (PTE), in accordancewith an aspect of the present invention;

FIG. 12 depicts one embodiment of the logic associated with a pinfunction, in accordance with an aspect of the present invention;

FIGS. 13 a-13 b depict one embodiment of the logic associated with aresolve function, in accordance with an aspect of the present invention;

FIGS. 14 a-14 c depict one embodiment of the logic associated with anExtract QDIO Buffer State instruction for use with network protocol I/Orequests, in accordance with an aspect of the present invention;

FIG. 15 depicts one example of the format of an Extract QDIO BufferState instruction, in accordance with an aspect of the presentinvention;

FIG. 16 depicts one embodiment of the logic associated with an unpinhost page by virtual address function, in accordance with an aspect ofthe present invention;

FIG. 17 depicts one embodiment of the logic associated with an unpinhost page by PTE address function, in accordance with an aspect of thepresent invention;

FIGS. 18 a-18 d depict one embodiment of the logic associated with a SetQDIO Buffer State instruction for use with fibre channel protocol I/Orequests; and

FIGS. 19 a-19 e depict one embodiment of the logic associated with anExtract QDIO Buffer State instruction for use with fibre channelprotocol I/O requests.

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

In accordance with an aspect of the present invention, I/O operationrequests from pageable storage guests (e.g., V=V guests) are interpretedwithout host intervention. For example, a capability is provided whichallows a host, such as a z/VM® hypervisor, and hardware/firmware of aprocessor, such as a zSeries processor, to interact with each other in acontrolled cooperative manner in order to process V=V guest operatingsystem QDIO operations without requiring the transfer of control from/tothe guest operating system and the host.

Further, in another aspect of the present invention, Host PageManagement Assist functions are provided that can be invoked during theinterpretation of a pageable storage mode guest. These functions includea resolve host page function used to dynamically resolve a host pageinvalid condition; a pin host page function used to indicate that thecontents of a host page are pinned in a host page frame; and an unpinhost page by virtual address function and/or an unpin host page by PTEaddress function used to indicate that the contents of a host page areno longer pinned in a host page frame.

One embodiment of a computing environment to incorporate and use one ormore aspects of the present invention is described with reference toFIG. 1 a. Computing environment 100 is based, for instance, on thez/Architecture offered by International Business Machines Corporation,Armonk, N.Y. The z/Architecture is described in an IBM® publicationentitled, “z/Architecture Principles of Operation,” IBM® Publication No.SA22-7832-02, June 2003, which is hereby incorporated herein byreference in its entirety. (IBM® is a registered trademark ofInternational Business Machines Corporation, Armonk, N.Y., USA. Othernames used herein may be registered trademarks, trademarks, or productnames of International Business Machines Corporation or othercompanies.) In one example, a computing environment based on thez/Architecture includes an eServer zSeries, offered by InternationalBusiness Machines Corporation, Armonk, N.Y.

As one example, computing environment 100 includes a central processorcomplex (CPC) 102 providing virtual machine support. CPC 102 includes,for instance, one or more virtual machines 104, one or more centralprocessors 106, at least one host 108 (e.g., a control program, such asa hypervisor), and an input/output subsystem 110, each of which isdescribed below.

The virtual machine support of the CPC provides the ability to operatelarge numbers of virtual machines, each capable of hosting a guestoperating system 112, such as Linux. Each virtual machine 104 is capableof functioning as a separate system. That is, each virtual machine canbe independently reset, host a guest operating system, and operate withdifferent programs. An operating system or application program runningin a virtual machine appears to have access to a full and completesystem, but in reality, only a portion of it is available.

In this particular example, the model of virtual machines is a V=Vmodel, in which the memory of a virtual machine is backed by virtualmemory, instead of real memory. Each virtual machine has a virtuallinear memory space. The physical resources are owned by host 108, andthe shared physical resources are dispatched by the host to the guestoperating systems, as needed, to meet their processing demands. This V=Vvirtual machine model assumes that the interactions between the guestoperating systems and the physical shared machine resources arecontrolled by the host, since the large number of guests typicallyprecludes the host from simply partitioning and assigning the hardwareresources to the configured guests. One or more aspects of a V=V modelare further described in an IBM publication entitled “z/VM: RunningGuest Operating Systems,” IBM Publication No. SC24-5997-02, October2001, which is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

Central processors 106 are physical processor resources that areassignable to a virtual machine. For instance, virtual machine 104includes one or more logical processors, each of which represents all ora share of a physical processor resource 106 that may by dynamicallyallocated to the virtual machine. Virtual machines 104 are managed byhost 108. As examples, the host may be implemented in microcode runningon processors 106 or be part of a host operating system executing on themachine. In one example, host 108 is a VM hypervisor, such as z/VM®,offered by International Business Machines Corporation, Armonk, N.Y. Oneembodiment of z/VM® is described in an IBM publication entitled “z/VM:General Information Manual,” IBM Publication No. GC24-5991-04, October2001, which is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

Input/output subsystem 110 directs the flow of information betweendevices and main storage. It is coupled to the central processingcomplex, in that it can be part of the central processing complex orseparate therefrom. The I/O subsystem relieves the central processors ofthe task of communicating directly with the I/O devices coupled to theCPC and permits data processing to proceed concurrently with I/Oprocessing. In one embodiment, the I/O subsystem is based on the QueuedDirect I/O (QDIO) architecture, one example of which is described in aUnited States Patent entitled “Method And Apparatus For ProvidingConfiguration Information Using A Queued Direct Input-Output Device,”Markos et al., U.S. Pat. No. 6,519,645 B2, issued Feb. 11, 2003, whichis hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Furtherdetails regarding I/O subsystem 110 are described with reference to FIG.1 b.

I/O subsystem 110 includes a plurality of adapters 120 coupled to aplurality of I/O devices 122. A particular adapter may be coupled to oneor more I/O devices and an I/O device may be coupled to one or moreadapters.

An example of an adapter is a QDIO adapter. A QDIO adapter provides thefunctions typically associated with an input/output control unit as wellas the functions typically associated with an input/output channel. AQDIO adapter has the ability to directly access main storage for thepurpose of exchanging data with a program that has access to the samemain storage.

A logical representation of the QDIO adapter is a QDIO control unit.There may be more than one QDIO control unit representing the same QDIOadapter.

The QDIO adapter is connected to other elements in the CPC via a channelpath that provides a data transmission path between the adapter and mainstorage. To transmit data received from an attached I/O device ornetwork of devices to a program, the adapter uses a QDIO input queuelocated within main storage. Similarly, to transmit data to a QDIOadapter, which in turn may transmit data to an attached I/O device ornetwork of devices, a program uses a QDIO output queue.

There may be a plurality of (e.g., 32) input queues and output queuesavailable to a particular adapter. To indicate which queues areavailable to a particular adapter, a logical structure referred to as aQDIO subchannel is employed. The QDIO subchannel includes zero or moreinput queues and zero or more output queues, and one or more subchannelsare associated with a particular adapter giving the adapter access tothose queues.

For both QDIO input queues and QDIO output queues, main storage (e.g.,host storage) is used as the medium by which data is exchanged betweenthe program and the adapter. Additionally, these queues provide theability for both the program and the adapter to directly communicatewith each other in an asynchronous manner that is both predictable andefficient without requiring the services of a centralized controllingmechanism, such as an operating system input/output supervisor, and theresulting overhead such a control mechanism implies. Both input andoutput queues are constructed in main storage by the program and areestablished and activated at the QDIO adapter. These queues are used incommunications during processing of I/O operations.

In accordance with an aspect of the present invention, the host (e.g.,z/VM) and processor (e.g., zSeries) hardware/firmware interact with eachother in a controlled cooperative manner in order to process V=V guestoperating system QDIO operations without requiring transfer of controlfrom/to the guest operating system and the host. Guest QDIO operationsmay take advantage of a facility called QDIO Enhanced Buffer StateManagement (QEBSM), and when this is done, the operations can directlypass through the host to/from the QDIO adapter without host interventionvia a facility referred to as the QDIO Enhanced Buffer State ManagementInterpretation (QEBSMI) facility that allows selected instructions to beinterpretatively executed for a pageable storage mode guest. One exampleof interpretive execution (e.g., Start Interpretive Execution (SIE)) isdescribed in System/370 Extended Architecture/Interpretative Execution,IBM Publication No. SA22-7095-01, September 1985, which is herebyincorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

In order to configure a system to be able to use QEBSM and QEBSMIvarious configuration tasks are performed. As described with referenceto FIGS. 2 a-2 b, these tasks are performed by a program (e.g., a guestprogram) 200, a host (e.g., z/VM) 202, and a machine 204 (e.g., aprocessor) on which the guest and host run.

In one embodiment, guest program 200 (FIG. 2 a) determines whether theprogram can manage QDIO connections using QEBSM, STEP 206. Thisdetermination is made via, for instance, a Channel Subsystem Call (CHSC)Store Channel Subsystem Characteristics command, which is issued by theprogram to the host. The host, in turn, issues a CHSC Store ChannelSubsystem Characteristics instruction to the hardware to obtain theinstalled facilities on the machine, STEP 208. The machine processes theCHSC instruction, STEP 210, and passes the information back to the host.

The Store Channel Subsystem Characteristics command is used to storeinformation about the characteristics of the I/O subsystem. Theexecution of the Store Channel Subsystem Characteristics command doesnot change any information contained in the I/O subsystem. The StoreChannel Subsystem Characteristics command is executed synchronously andis not interpretively executed.

One embodiment of a request block for a Store Channel SubsystemCharacteristics command is described with reference to FIG. 3 a. Acommand request block 300 includes, for instance:

-   -   (a) Length Field 302: This field specifies the length of the        command request block.    -   (b) Command Code 304: This field specifies the Store Channel        Subsystem Characteristics command.    -   (c) Image Id (IID) 308: The IID field includes zeros, as one        example.    -   (d) Format 310: The command request format field includes an        unsigned integer whose value specifies the layout of the command        request block.

One embodiment of a response block for a Store Channel SubsystemCharacteristics command is described with reference to FIG. 3 b. In oneexample, a response block 320 includes the following:

-   -   (a) Length Field 322: This field specifies the length of the        command response code that is stored as a result of an attempt        to execute the Store Channel Subsystem Characteristics command.    -   If a response code other than an indication of success is stored        in the response code field, no characteristics information is        stored as a result of the attempt to execute the command, and        the length field specifies a length of, for instance, eight        bytes, for the command response block.    -   If a response code indicating success is stored in the response        code field, both general characteristics and CHSC command        characteristics are stored in the command response block. Thus,        the length field specifies a command response block length of,        for instance, 4,080 bytes.    -   (b) Response Code 324: This field includes an unsigned binary        integer that describes the results of the attempt to execute the        Store Channel Subsystem Characteristics command.    -   (c) Format 326: The command response format field includes an        unsigned integer whose value specifies the layout of the command        response block.    -   (d) General Characteristics 328: If a response code indicating        success is stored in the response code field, the general        characteristics field includes information that specifies which        of a variety of facilities are provided by the I/O subsystem.        Some facilities include, for instance, CHSC Subchannel; Dynamic        I/O Configuration Facilities; Message Processor Channel        Configuration Facility; QDIO Enhanced Buffer State Management        Facility; QDIO Enhanced Buffer State Management Interpretation        (QEBSMI) Facility, etc. Although various facilities are        described herein, other or different facilities may exist. When        a bit of the general characteristics field corresponding to a        particular facility is one, it indicates that that facility is        provided.    -   (e) CHSC Characteristics 330: If a successful response code is        stored in the response code field, the CHSC characteristics        field includes information that specifies whether certain CHSC        commands are provided by the I/O subsystem. Examples of these        commands include, for instance, Change Channel Path        Configuration, Change Control Unit Configuration, Change I/O        Device Configuration, Store Configuration Component List, Store        Domain Configuration Component List, and Set Domain Attributes,        as well as others. When a bit of the CHSC characteristics field        corresponding to a particular command is one, that command is        provided.

Returning to FIG. 2 a, in response to the host receiving the list ofinstalled facilities, the host determines whether the QDIO EnhancedBuffer State Management Interpretation (QEBSMI) facility is installed onthe machine, STEP 212. Should QEBSMI be installed and the subchannel beQDIO capable, then the host turns on a QEBSM available indicator in theCHSC response data indicating that the QEBSM facility is available.Thus, the command ends with an indication of QEBSM facilityavailability, STEP 214.

Next, a determination is made as to the QDIO characteristics for thespecified subchannel number, STEP 216. In one example, thisdetermination is made via a CHSC Store Subchannel QDIO Data commandissued by the program to the host. The host then issues the instructionto the real subchannel in order to acquire the queue characteristics,STEP 218. The machine processes the instruction, STEP 220.

The Store Subchannel QDIO Data command is used to obtainself-description information for the QDIO adapters associated with aspecified range of subchannels.

Execution of the Store Subchannel QDIO Data command does not change anyinformation contained in the I/O subsystem. In one example, it isexecuted synchronously.

A command request block 400 (FIG. 4 a) for a Store Subchannel QDIO Datacommand includes, for instance:

-   -   (a) Length Field 402: This field specifies the length of the        command request block.    -   (b) Command Code 404: This field specifies the Store Subchannel        QDIO Data command.    -   (c) Image ID (IID) 406: The IID field includes a value of zero,        in this embodiment.    -   (d) Format (FMT) 408: The command request format field includes        an unsigned integer whose value specifies the layout of the        command request block.    -   (e) First Subchannel Number 410: This field specifies the        subchannel number identifying the first subchannel for which        QDIO adapter information is requested.    -   (f) Last Subchannel Number 412: This field specifies the        subchannel number identifying the last subchannel for which QDIO        adapter information is requested.

One embodiment of a response block for the Store Subchannel QDIO Datacommand is described with reference to FIG. 4 b. In one example, aresponse block 420 includes, for instance:

-   -   (a) Length Field 422: This field specifies the length of the        command response block. The length depends on the response code        that is stored as a result of the attempt to execute the Store        Subchannel QDIO Data command.    -   If a response code other than an indication of success is stored        in the response code field, no subchannel QDIO description        blocks are stored as a result of the attempt to execute the        command, and the length field specifies a length of, for        instance, eight bytes for the command response block.    -   If a response code indicating success is stored in the response        code field, at least one subchannel QDIO description block is        stored in the command response block as a result of the        execution of the command, and the length specifies a command        response block length of, for instance, eight bytes plus 32        bytes for each of the subchannel QDIO description blocks that is        stored.    -   (b) Response Code 424: This field includes an unsigned binary        integer that describes the results of the attempt to execute the        Store Subchannel QDIO Data command.    -   (c) Compaction (C) 426: This field specifies whether the        subchannel QDIO description blocks are compacted.    -   When one, the C bit specifies that the description blocks are        compacted. That is, only those description blocks for which the        subchannel is designated as being QDIO capable are stored.        Description blocks for subchannels that are not QDIO capable are        not stored in the response block.    -   When zero, the C bit specifies that the description blocks are        not compacted. That is, description blocks are stored in the        response block without regard to whether they describe QDIO        capable subchannels. For as many description blocks as are        stored within the requested range of subchannels, each possible        subchannel number is represented by a description block.    -   (d) Format (FMT) 428: The command response format field includes        an unsigned integer whose value specifies the layout of the        command response block. The value of this field is, for        instance, 0.    -   (e) Subchannel QDIO Description Block(s) 430: When a successful        response code is stored, up to 127 32-byte (as one example)        subchannel QDIO description blocks are stored in the response        data area of the command response block. The number of        subchannel QDIO description blocks stored depends on the number        of subchannels in the range specified in the command request        block, conditions in the I/O subsystem when CHSC is executed,        and the I/O subsystem model.

At least one subchannel QDIO description block is stored, and the actualnumber of blocks stored is determined by subtracting eight bytes fromthe size of the command response block and dividing the remainder by 32.

Subchannel QDIO description blocks are stored for some or all of thespecified subchannels, beginning with the subchannel specified by thefirst subchannel number field. Subchannel QDIO description blocks arestored in ascending order of subchannel numbers.

One example of a subchannel QDIO description block is described withreference to FIG. 4 c. Subchannel QDIO description block 430 includes,for instance:

-   -   (a) Flags 440: This field includes information regarding the        contents of the subchannel QDIO description block. The meaning        of bits 0-7 is as follows, in one example:

Bit Meaning 0 QDIO Capable: When one, bit 0 indicates that the I/Odevice associated with the specified subchannel is capable of performingQDIO operations. When zero, bit 0 indicates that the I/O deviceassociated with the specified subchannel is not capable of performingQDIO operations. 1 Validity: When one, bit 1 indicates that thesubchannel QDIO description block is valid. When zero, bit 1 indicatesthat the subchannel QDIO description block is not valid: except for bits0, 1 and 2, and the subchannel number field, the contents of thesubchannel QDIO description block have no meaning. Bit 1 is zero forsubchannels that are not designated as having the QDIO capability (i.e.,when bit 0 is one). 2 Last QDIO Subchannel: When one, bit 2 indicatesthat there are no higher numbered subchannels that have QDIO capability.When zero, bit 2 indicates that there exist higher numbered subchannelsthat have QDIO capability.

-   -   (b) Subchannel Number 442: This field specifies the subchannel        to which the information in this subchannel QDIO description        block applies.    -   (c) QDIO Queues Format (QFMT) 444: This field includes an        unsigned binary integer that identifies the format of the QDIO        queues that can be used on the specified subchannel.    -   (d) Parm 446: This field includes parameter information        regarding the subchannel or device represented by the subchannel        QDIO description block.    -   (e) QDIO Adapter Characteristics 1 (QDIOAC1) 448: This field        describes model-dependent characteristics of the QDIO adapter        associated with the specified subchannel. The meaning of bits        0-7 is as follows, in one example:

Bit Meaning 0 Unsolicited Input Queue Interruption: When one, bit 0indicates that the QDIO adapter can dynamically initiate thepresentation of unsolicited input queue progress- reportinginterruptions to the program when buffers have made a transition to theprimed state while the subchannel is in the QDIO active state. Theseinterruptions are presented independently of the solicited interruptionsthat are presented as a result of the program having set input queueinterruption request indicators in input queue SBALs, described below,when input queue interruption requests are supported. When zero, bitzero indicates that the QDIO adapter does not initiate the presentationof unsolicited input queue progress reporting interruptions to theprogram. 1 SIGA Initiate Input Queue: When bit 1 is one and bit 7 iszero, the QDIO adapter requires that the program execute SIGNALADAPTER - read by subchannel (SIGA-r). When bit 1 is one and bit 7 isone, the QDIO adapter requires that the program execute SIGNAL ADAPTER -ready by token (SIGA-rt). One example of SIGA is described in U.S. Pat.No. 6,332,171, entitled “Self-Contained Queues With Associated ControlInformation For Receipt And Transfer Of Incoming And Outgoing Data UsingA Queued Direct Input-Output Device,” issued Dec. 18, 2001; U.S. Pat.No. 6,519,645, entitled “Method And Apparatus Of Simulation Of Data In AVirtual Environment Using A Queued Direct Input-Output Device,” issuedFebruary 5, 2002; and U.S. Pat. No. 6,345,241, entitled “Method AndApparatus For Providing Configuration Information Using A Queued DirectInput-Output Device,” issued Feb. 11, 2003, each of which is herebyincorporated herein by reference in its entirety. When zero, bit 1indicates that the QDIO adapter does not require that the programexecute SIGA-r or SIGA-rt. 2 SIGA Initiate or Process Output Queue: Whenbit 2 is one and bit 7 is zero, the QDIO adapter requires that theprogram execute SIGNAL ADAPTER - write by subchannel (SIGA-w) for thereasons stated in the description of that instruction. When bit 2 is oneand bit 7 is one, the QDIO adapter requires that the program executeSIGNAL ADAPTER - write by token (SIGA-wt). When zero, bit 2 indicatesthat the QDIO adapter does not require that the program execute SIGA-wor SIGA-wt. 3 SIGA Synchronize: When bit 3 is one and bit 7 is zero, theQDIO adapter requires that the program execute SIGNAL ADAPTER -synchronize by subchannel (SIGA-s). When bit 3 is one and bit 7 is one,the program may execute SIGNAL ADAPTER - logout by token (SIGA-lt). Whenzero, bit 3 indicates that the QDIO adapter does not require that theprogram execute SIGA-s. 4 Adapter Interruption Queue SynchronizationAssist Active: When bit 4 is one, the adapter interruption queuesynchronization assist is active. When the assist is active and SIGA-sis required (bit 3 is one and bit 7 is zero), the input and outputqueues associated with the adapter associated with the specifiedsubchannel will be dynamically synchronized prior to the interruption.Therefore, there is no need for the program to issue a SIGA-sinstruction immediately after an adapter interruption facility (AIF)interruption. When bit 4 is zero, the adapter interruption queuesynchronization assist is not active. 5 PCI Interruption QueueSynchronization Assist Active: When bit 5 is one, the PCI interruptionqueue synchronization assist is active. When the assist is active andSIGA-s is required (bit 3 is one and bit 7 is zero), output queuesassociated with the specified subchannel will be dynamicallysynchronized prior to the interruption. Therefore, there is no need forthe program to issue a SIGA-s instruction immediately after a PCIinterruption. When bit 5 is zero, the PCI interruption queuesynchronization assist is not active. Bits 4 and 5 of the QDIOAC1 fieldare set by the host. 6 QEBSM Available: When one, bit 6 indicates thatQDIO Enhanced Buffer State Management is available for enablement forthe specified subchannel. When zero, bit 6 indicates that QDIO EnhancedBuffer State Management is not available for enablement for thespecified subchannel. This field is set by the host based on the settingof a specified bit of the general characteristics that are stored inresponse to the CHSC Store Channel Subsystem Characteristics command. 7QEBSM Enabled: When one, bit 7 indicates that the specified subchannelis enabled for QDIO Enhanced Buffer State Management and, as a result,the following are true: The QDIO buffer states associated with thespecified subchannel are not accessible in an SLSB, described below, inprogram storage. Rather, the program uses the Set QDIO Buffer State andExtract QDIO Buffer State instructions. The subchannel token fieldincludes a subchannel token. When zero, bit 7 indicates that thespecified subchannel is not enabled for QDIO Enhanced Buffer StateManagement and that the QDIO buffer states are accessible in an SLSB inprogram storage that may be directly manipulated by the program. Thisfield is set by the host based on whether the specified subchannel isenabled for QDIO Enhanced Buffer State Management Interpretation(QEBSMI). Bit 7 may also be set by the host when the host is fullyemulating the adapter (e.g., during guest tracing). (Refer to the CHSCSet Channel Subsystem Characteristics command, described below, for adescription of how a QDIO subchannel is enabled for QEBSMI.)

-   -   (f) Class 450: This field includes an unsigned binary integer        that identifies the class of I/O device that is associated with        the specified subchannel. One example of a class is        communications controller.    -   (g) Input Queue Count (IQCNT) 452: This field includes an        unsigned binary integer specifying the number of input QDIO        queues that are used by the QDIO adapter to perform I/O        operations.    -   (h) Output Queue Count (OQCNT) 454: This field includes an        unsigned binary integer specifying the number of output QDIO        queues that are used by the QDIO adapter to perform I/O        operations.    -   (i) Maximum Buffer Chain Count (MBCCNT) 456: When this field is        not zero, it includes an unsigned integer count of the maximum        number of chained buffers (i.e., chained SBALs, described below)        supported by the adapter. When this field is zero and the QFMT        field indicates that format 1 queues (e.g., FCP) are used on the        specified subchannel, a maximum of 36 buffers may be chained.        When this field is zero and the QFMT field indicates that the        format 1 queues are not used on the specified subchannel, buffer        chaining is not supported by the adapter.    -   (j) QDIO Adapter Characteristics 2 (QDIOAC2) 458: This field        describes model dependent characteristics of the QDIO adapter        associated with the specified subchannel. The meaning of bits        0-3 is as follows, in one example:

Bit Meaning 0 Input Queue Interruption Requests Supported: When one, bit0 indicates that the adapter supports the interruption request bit inthe SBALF 0 field of the input queue SBAL, described below. When bit 0is one and bit 3 is zero, interruptions reporting the adapter's progresson the associated input queues strictly follow the program's requests.When bit 0 is one and bit 3 is one, interruptions reporting theadapter's progress on the associated input queue follow the program'srequests and unsolicited progress reporting interruptions may alsooccur. When zero, bit 0 indicates that the adapter does not support theinterruption request bit in the SBALF 0 field of the SBAL for inputqueues. 1 Output Queue Interruption Requests Supported: When one, bit 1indicates that the adapter supports the interruption request bit in theSBALF 0 field of the output queue SBAL. Interruptions reporting theadapter's progress on the associated output queues strictly follow theprogram's requests. When zero, bit 1 indicates that the adapter does notsupport the interruption request bit in the SBALF 0 field of the SBALfor output queues. 2 Single Buffer Prefetch Active: When one, bit 2indicates that the adapter prefetches, at most, one buffer in advance ofthe current buffer the adapter is processing. When zero, bit 2 indicatesthat the adapter may prefetch more than one buffer. 3 Unsolicited InputQueue Interruption Inactive: When one, bit 3 indicates that unsolicitedinput queue interruption is inactive for the adapter. When zero, bit 3indicates that unsolicited input queue interruption is active for theadapter. When bit 3 is zero, QDIOAC1 bit 0 is one.

-   -   (k) Subchannel Token 460: When bit 7 of the QDIOAC1 field is        one, this field includes a token that is associated with the        specified subchannel.    -   The subchannel token field is set by the host. If the specified        subchannel is enabled for QEBSMI, the host sets the subchannel        token field to the value of the host real or absolute address of        a QDIO buffer information control block (QBICB) that is        associated with the subchannel. (A QBICB is associated with a        subchannel via a CHSC Set Channel Subsystem Characteristics        command when the QDIO subchannel is enabled for QEBSMI, as        described below.) The subchannel token may also be set by the        host when the host is fully emulating the adapter. If the        specified subchannel is not enabled for QEBSMI and the host is        not emulating the adapter, zero is returned as the subchannel        token value.    -   A subchannel token is used to designate the QDIO subchannel for        QEBSM operations. When an action or event occurs that causes        disestablishment of the QDIO queues from the subchannel, the        subchannel token becomes stale and a new subchannel token is to        be obtained before the program may again use QEBSM operations.        The previously assigned token becomes invalid and may        subsequently be assigned to another subchannel.

Adapter description information that is stored in the subchannel QDIOdescription block is current at the time the Store Subchannel QDIO Datacommand is executed. However, some of the adapter descriptioninformation may change as a result of the successful completion of anEstablish QDIO Queues CCW command, described below, by the specifiedadapter. Thus, the Store Subchannel QDIO Data command is to be reissuedafter successful completion of an Establish QDIO Queues CCW command toobtain the most current description for the following:

-   -   QDIOAC1 bit 1 (SIGA initiate input queue)    -   QDIOAC1 bit 2 (SIGA initiate or process output queue)    -   QDIOAC1 bit 3 (SIGA synchronize)    -   QDIOAC1 bit 7 (QEBSM enabled)    -   QDIOAC2 bit 2 (Single Buffer Prefetch Active)    -   QDIOAC2 bit 3 (Unsolicited Input Queue Interruption Inactive)    -   Subchannel Token

The remaining adapter description information is current regardless ofsuccessful completion of an Establish QDIO Queues command.

Referring back to FIG. 2 a, response to completion of the CHSC StoreSubchannel QDIO Data command, STEP 222, the host determines whether theQEBSMI facility is available on the machine, STEP 224. If QEBSMI isavailable, the subchannel is QDIO capable and the host supports QEBSMfor this connection, then an indication is made in the CHSC responsedata that is returned to the program that QEBSM may be used for thissubchannel. The program receives an end operation with the subchannelQDIO data, STEP 226.

Employing the information returned in CHSC response data, QDIO queuesare created by the program in main storage, STEP 228. A QDIO queueincludes data structures that describe the queue as well as bufferstorage blocks that are used for data transfer. In one example, themultiple separate data structures, called queue components, thatcollectively describe the queue's characteristics and provide thecontrols to allow the exchange of data between the program and theadapter include, for instance:

-   -   1. Queue Information Block (QIB) 500 (FIG. 5): One QIB is        defined per QDIO subchannel. The QIB provides information about        the collection of input and output queues associated with the        subchannel. The absolute address of the QIB is provided to the        QDIO adapter by an Establish QDIO Queues command, described        herein. The QIB has various fields, including, for instance, the        following, some of which are depicted in FIG. 5:        -   (a) Queue Format (QFMT): This field includes an unsigned            binary integer that identifies the format of the QDIO            queues.        -   (b) Implementation Dependent Parameters Format (PFMT):

This field includes an unsigned binary integer that identifies theformat of the contents of the implementation dependent parameters.

-   -   -   (c) Request Flags (RFlags): This field includes request            flags.

One flag includes QDIO Enhanced Buffer State Management (QEBSM)enablement. When this bit is one at the time the Establish QDIO QueuesCCW command is issued, a request to enable the subchannel for QEBSM isindicated.

-   -   -   (d) Adapter Characteristics (AC): This field includes            information about the adapter's capabilities with respect to            the set of input and output queues associated with the            subchannel. The AC field is set to zeros by the program            before the Establish QDIO Queues CCW command is issued but            is not checked by the adapter.        -   This field is set by the adapter during execution of the            Establish QDIO Queues CCW command, and is set to indicate            the adapter supported values before the successful            completion of the command. The meaning of bits 0-1 are as            follows, in one example:

Bits Meaning 0 Input queue interruption requests supported: When zero,bit 0 indicates that the adapter does not support the interruptionrequest bit in the SBALF 0 field (described below) of the SBAL for inputqueues. When one, bit 0 indicates that the adapter supports theinterruption request bit in the SBALF 0 field of the SBAL. 1 Outputqueue interruption requests supported: When zero, bit 1 indicates thatthe adapter does not support the interruption request bit in the SBALF 0field of the SBAL for output queues. No interruptions reporting theadapter's process on the associated output queues are presented. Whenone, bit 1 indicates that the adapter supports the interruption requestbit in the SBALF 0 field of the SBAL.

-   -   -   (e) First Input Storage List Information Block (SLIB)            Address 502: This field includes a logical address of the            highest priority input queue SLIB for the subchannel with            which the QIB is associated.        -   (f) First Output SLIB Address 504: This field includes a            logical address of the highest priority output queue SLIB            for the subchannel with which this QIB is associated.        -   (g) Adapter Identifier: This field includes a name that the            program has assigned to the QDIO adapter for the subchannel            with which the QIB is associated.        -   (h) Implementation Dependent Parameters: This field includes            one or more implementation dependent parameters.

    -   2. Storage List Information Block (SLIB) 506: One SLIB is        defined for each queue. The SLIB provides information about the        queue and each queue buffer usable in holding data. The absolute        address of the SLIB is provided to the QDIO adapter by the        Establish QDIO Queues command.

    -   In one example, the storage list information block includes the        following fields, some of which are depicted in FIG. 5:        -   (a) Next Storage List Information Block Address 508: If            there is an additional lower priority SLIB for the same type            of QDIO queue (input or output) for the same subchannel,            this field includes the logical address of that SLIB.        -   (b) Storage List Address 510: This field includes the            logical address of a control block called a storage list. A            storage list includes the absolute addresses of storage            block address lists (SBALs). Each SBAL includes the absolute            addresses of up to, for instance, 16 storage blocks (e.g.,            pages). The collection of the storage blocks that can be            located using the addresses in a single SBAL is called a            QDIO buffer.        -   (c) Storage List State Block Address (SLSB) 512: This field            includes the logical address of a storage list state block            (SLSB), when the Enhanced QDIO Buffer State Management            Enablement indicator in the QIB RFlags field is zero.

    -   3. Storage List (SL) 514: One SL is defined for each queue. The        SL includes, for instance, 128 entries, one entry for each of        the QDIO I/O buffers associated with the queue. The SL provides        information about the I/O buffer locations in main storage. Each        entry includes the absolute address of a storage block address        list 516, and each SBAL includes a list of absolute addresses of        the storage blocks that collectively make up one of the 128 data        buffers associated with this queue.

    -   The absolute address of the storage list is provided to the QDIO        adapter by the Establish QDIO Queues command.

    -   4. Storage List State Block (SLSB) or Storage List State Logout        (SLSL) 518: When the QDIO subchannel is enabled for enhanced        QDIO management operations, one SLSL is defined for each queue        and a corresponding SLSB also exists for each queue outside of        program storage. The SLSL is 128 bytes in length and includes a        logout of the SLSB that is made whenever Signal Adapter—logout        by token (SIGA-lt) is executed or when the queues are        disestablished from the adapter. The SLSB includes 128 entries        520, referred to as SQBNs (state of queue buffer N), one entry        for each of the 128 I/O buffers associated with the queue. Each        entry provides state information about its associated I/O        buffer. The Set QDIO Buffer State and Extract QDIO Buffer State        instructions, described herein, are used to access the state        information in the SLSB. As examples, the state indicates        whether the buffer is program owned or adapter owned and whether        the buffer is an output buffer or input buffer.

    -   The absolute address of the storage list state block is provided        to the QDIO adapter by the Establish QDIO Queues command.

    -   5. Storage Block Address List (SBAL) 522: One SBAL is defined        for each of the 128 I/O buffers associated with each queue. The        SBAL provides information about the storage block (SB) locations        for an I/O buffer.

    -   A storage block address list includes 16 entries called storage        block address list entries (SBALEs) 524. Each SBALE includes the        absolute storage address of a storage block 526. Collectively,        the storage blocks addressed by the entries of a single SBAL        constitute one of the 128 possible QDIO buffers of a QDIO queue.

    -   In one example, a storage block address list entry includes:        -   (a) Flags: This field includes information about the SBALE            contents.        -   (b) Virtualization Flags: When the QDIO Enhanced Buffer            State Management Interpretation facility is installed, this            field includes virtualization information. Changes to this            field should be serialized under the control of the QSD            lockword. In one example, bit 0 of this field represents a            pinned page indicator. When bit 0 is 1, the host page            corresponding to the data address in the data address field            is pinned on behalf of this SBALE. When bit 0 is 0, the host            page corresponding to the data address in the data address            field is not pinned on behalf of this SBALE.        -   (c) SBAL Flags (SBALF): This field includes information            about the buffer associated with the SBAL containing this            SBALE, and not just about the storage block associated with            this SBALE. In one example, bit 0 indicates that when the            buffer is in or next returns to a program owned state, an            EQBS operation is to be performed for the buffer before the            next SQBS operation is performed for the buffer. Bit 1            indicates that when the buffer is in or next returns to a            program owned state, this SBAL and its corresponding guest            SBAL is to be synchronized as part of the next EQBS            operation performed for the buffer. Buffer synchronization            may include updating guest SBALEs from corresponding host            SBALEs and also may include unpinning of host pages.        -   (d) Data Count: This field includes an unsigned binary            integer that specifies the number of bytes of data to be            read or written beginning at the address specified in the            data address field.        -   (e) Data Address: This field includes the absolute address            of a storage block including data that is to be written            (output queue) or address of data to be read (input queue).

    -   6. Storage Block (SB) 526: From one to 16 separate storage        blocks (e.g., pages) are defined that collectively define a        single I/O buffer.

Further details regarding QDIO queues are provided in U.S. Pat. No.6,519,645, entitled “Method And Apparatus For Providing ConfigurationInformation Using A Queued Direct Input-Output Device,” Markos et al.,issued Feb. 11, 2003, and U.S. Pat. No. 6,345,241, entitled “Method AndApparatus For Simulation Of Data In A Virtual Environment Using A QueuedDirect Input-Output Device,” Brice et al., issued Feb. 5, 2002, each ofwhich is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

Returning to FIG. 2 a, subsequent to creating the queues, if thesubchannel supports QEBSM, then the QEBSM enablement bit in the QIB isset to manage the connection using QEBSM, STEP 230.

Thereafter, the QDIO queues are established in the adapter, STEP 232. Asone example, this is accomplished by the program issuing a StartSubchannel instruction with an Establish QDIO Queues Channel CommandWord, an example of the processing of which is described in U.S. Pat.No. 6,332,171, entitled “Self-Contained Queues With Associated ControlInformation For Receipt And Transfer Of Incoming And Outgoing Data UsingA Queued Direct Input-Output Device,” Baskey et al., issued Dec. 18,2001, which is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

The Establish QDIO Queues Command is used to write a queue descriptorrecord (QDR) to the I/O device. The control unit (e.g., adapter)associated with the I/O device uses the information in the queuedescriptor record to locate the QDIO control blocks that are used toestablish prioritized data queues. These queues are subsequently usedfor the direct transmission of data to and from the I/O device.

The establish procedure causes the host to create a set of shadow QDIOqueues in host storage for the queues being established by the program,STEP 234. That is, the host builds shadow versions of some of the QDIOcontrol structures, including, for instance, the storage list and thestorage block address list. Also, the SLSB is allocated in host storage,although it contains no addresses, because of its definition as thecontrolling mechanism for the programs and the adapters cooperatingprocesses. The queue descriptor record associated with the EstablishQDIO Queues command includes the main memory addresses of the QDIO queuecomponents as seen by the program. The host translates those addresses,as well as addresses within the SL and SBALs, in building its own copyof the queue descriptor record and the shadow SL and SBALs. Furtherdetails regarding shadowing and processing associated with the QDR areincluded in the aforementioned United States patents that have beenincorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

Subsequent to creating the shadow queues, if the QEBSM enablement bit isset in the QIB, then the host creates a structure, referred to as theQDIO Buffer Information Control Block (QBICB) in host storage to mapboth the guest's and the host's shadow QDIO queues to the machine, STEP236. The QBICB includes pointers and information describing the guestand host structures. It is associated with the QDIO subchannel, so thatwhen that subchannel is identified as an operand of SQBS and EQBS,described below, the guest and host structures can be located and used.Further details regarding the QBICB are described with reference toFIGS. 6 a-6 b.

A QDIO Buffer Information Control Block (QBICB) 600 (FIG. 6 a) includesinformation about the buffer storage and buffer states of a QDIO dataqueue set and is used to associate the buffer storage and buffer stateswith a given QDIO subchannel. It is, for example, a variable lengthcontrol block in host real or absolute storage beginning on a doublewordboundary and having a minimum length of 64 bytes. The size of the QBICBis determined by the number of queues it describes (i.e., by the numberof queue descriptors it includes), as designated by its queue countfield.

In one example, QBICB 600 includes the following fields:

-   -   (a) Queue Format (QFMT) 602: This field includes an unsigned        binary integer code value that identifies the format of the        queue descriptors and the format of the control blocks that are        addressed by the contents of the queue descriptors. As examples,        format 0 indicates OSA direct express queues, format 1 indicates        fibre channel protocol (FCP) queues, and format 2 indicates        internal queued direct communication queues.    -   (b) Queue Count (QCNT) 604: This field includes an unsigned        integer that specifies the total count of input plus output        queues that are described by the QBICB.    -   (c) Subsystem ID 606: This field includes the subsystem ID of        the QDIO subchannel that is associated with the QBICB.    -   (d) Queue Descriptor(s) 608: A queue descriptor is, for        instance, a 16 byte structure and the QBICB can include up to 64        queue descriptors, in one embodiment. Each queue descriptor        includes the address of the queue storage descriptor that is        used to describe the buffer states and buffer data storage for        one QDIO input or output queue.    -   The queue descriptors for input queues, if any, are listed        contiguously.

The queue descriptors for output queues, if any, are listed contiguouslyfollowing the list of queue descriptors for input queues. The value inthe QCNT field specifies the total number of queue descriptors.

-   -   The QBICB queue descriptor includes a Queue Storage Descriptor        Origin field, which with 7 zeros appended on the right specifies        the 64 bit host real or absolute address of the queue storage        descriptor for the corresponding queue.    -   A queue storage descriptor is, for instance, a 128 byte        structure that includes information about the host and guest        buffer storage for the corresponding queue. In one example, a        queue storage descriptor 620 (FIG. 6 b) includes the following        fields:    -   (a) Lockword 622: The lockword field is, for instance, a 32 bit        field that is the interlock control for the queue storage        descriptor and the active request head FOB list (described        below). A lockword value may have one of the following meanings,        depending on its value as predefined: Available: The structures        associated with the lock are available for use by the machine or        the host; Locked for the machine: The machine has obtained the        lock and ownership of the associated structures; Locked for the        host by the machine: The machine has encountered a situation        which requires services from the host and has transferred        ownership of the lock and the associated structures to the host;        and Locked for the host by the host: The host has obtained the        lock and ownership of the associated structures.    -   (b) Queue Flags (QFlags) 624: This field includes, for instance,        an 8 bit flag field. Examples of flags include:

Bit Meaning 0 Queue/Buffer type: When bit 0 is zero, the queue is aninput queue. When bit 0 is one, the queue is an output queue. 1 Pendingrequest component FOB list completion: When bit 1 is one, the FOBidentified by the first active request head FOB address field is thehead FOB of a multiple buffer request for which the request componentFOB list is incomplete and still being constructed.

-   -   (c) SLSB Address 626: This field includes the host real or        absolute address of the storage list state block (SLSB) that is        associated with the corresponding queue.    -   (d) Host SL Address 628: This field includes the host real or        absolute address of the host storage list (SL) that is        associated with the corresponding queue. The SL specified by        this address is observable by the adapter.    -   (e) Guest SL Address 630: This field includes the guest absolute        address of the guest storage list (SL) that is associated with        the corresponding queue. The SL specified by this address is not        observable by the adapter.    -   (f) Guest SLSL Address 632: This field includes the guest        absolute address of the storage list state logout (SLSL) area        that is associated with the corresponding queue.    -   (g) State Transition Count 634: This field includes an unsigned        integer count of the number of buffer state transitions from the        adapter owned state to the program owned state that have been        observed by the program via the Extract QDIO Buffer State        instruction.    -   (h) Byte Transfer Count 636: This field includes an unsigned        integer count of the number of bytes transferred by the adapter.        For Fibre Channel Protocol (FCP) queues, the byte transfer count        is not a count of actual bytes transferred. Rather, it is a        count of bytes specified to be transferred.    -   (i) First Active Request Head FCP Operations Block (FOB) Address        638: When the QFMT field in the QBICB specifies that the queue        is a format 1 queue (i.e., FCP) and predefined bits of this        field, with 8 zeros appended on the right, do not form the host        real or absolute address of the first byte of this field, as one        example, the predefined bits of this field, with 8 zeros        appended on the right, form the host real or absolute address of        the head FOB of the first FCP request in the list of FCP        requests that are active (i.e., the address of the head FOB of        the first FCP request in the active request head FOB list.) When        the QFMT field in the QBICB specifies that the queue is a format        1 queue and the predefined bits, with 8 zeros appended on the        right, form the host real or absolute address of the first byte        of this field, as one example, there are no active FCP requests        and the active request head FOB list is empty.    -   (j) Last Active Request Head FOB Address 640: When the QFMT        field in the QBICB specifies that the queue is a format 1 queue        and predefined bits of this field, with 8 zeros appended on the        right, do not form the host real or absolute address of the        first byte of field 638, as one example, the predefined bits of        this field, with 8 zeros appended on the right, form the 64 bit        host real or absolute address of the head FOB of the last FCP        request in the list of FCP requests that are active (i.e., the        address of the head FOB of the last FCP request in the active        request head FOB list.) When the QFMT field in the QBICB        specifies that the queue is a format 1 queue and the predefined        bits of this field, as one example, with 8 zeros appended on the        right, form the host real or absolute address of the first byte        of field 638, there are no active FCP requests and the active        request head FOB list is empty.    -   A fibre channel protocol operations block (FOB) describes up to,        for instance, 16 host pages that are pinned in host page frames        for the duration of an FCP I/O operation. In one example, an FCP        operations block (FOB) 648 (FIG. 6 c) includes the following        fields:        -   (a) Next Request Head FOB Address 650: If the FOB is a head            FOB of an active request, this field with 8 zeros appended            on the right forms the host real or absolute address of the            head FOB of the next FCP request in the active request head            FOB list or of the first active request head FOB address            field in the QSD, if the FOB is the last head FOB in the            active request head FOB list. If the FOB is in the available            FOB list and this field is not zeros, this field with 8            zeros appended on the right forms the host real or absolute            address of the next FOB in the available FOB list. If the            FOB is in the available FOB list and this field is zero, the            FOB is the last FOB in the available FOB list. If the FOB is            a request component FOB other than a head FOB, the contents            of this field are not meaningful.        -   (b) Previous Request Head FOB Address 652: If the FOB is the            head FOB of an active request, this field with 8 zeros            appended on the right forms the host real or absolute            address of the head FOB of the previous FCP request in the            active request head FOB list or of the first active request            head FOB address field in the QSD, if the FOB is the first            head FOB in the active request head FOB list. If the FOB is            in the available FOB list or is a request component FOB            other than a head FOB, the contents of this field are not            meaningful.        -   (c) Next Request Component FOB Address 654: If the FOB is a            request component FOB and this field is not zero, this field            with 8 zeros appended on the right forms the host real or            absolute address of the next FOB in a request component FOB            list. If the FOB is a request component FOB and this field            is zero, the FOB is the last or only FOB in the request            component FOB list.        -   (d) Queue Storage Descriptor (QSD) Address 656: If the FOB            is a head FOB, this field with 7 zeros appended on the right            forms the host real or absolute address of the queue storage            descriptor of the output queue from which the head FOB for            the request is queued.        -   (e) QDIO Buffer Information Control Block (QBICB) Address            658: If the FOB is a head FOB, this field with 3 zeros            appended on the right forms the host real or absolute            address of the QDIO buffer information control block that is            associated with the subchannel for which the FCP operation            is active.        -   (f) Guest Request ID 660: If the FOB is a head FOB, this            field includes the FCP request id specified by the guest in            its SBAL.        -   (g) Flags 662: When the FOB is a head FOB, this field            includes, for instance, an 8 bit flags field. Examples of            the bits and their meaning include, for instance:            -   1) Bit 0—Request Active: Bit 0 indicates that the head                FOB is in the active request head FOB list and                represents an active FCP request;            -   2) Bit 1—Construction Complete: Bit 1 indicates that the                buffers comprising the FCP request have been processed                and that construction of the FCP request is complete;            -   3) Bit 2—Request ID Posted: Bit 2 indicates that the                adapter has posted the FCP request identifier for this                request;            -   4) Bits 3-4—Storage Block Type: Bits 3-4 specify the                storage block type for the format 1 output buffer                described by the FOB and its corresponding SBAL. Bits                3-4 have the same value and meaning as bits 3-4 of the                SBALF 0 field in the corresponding SBAL.        -   (h) Page Table Entry (PTE) Count (PTECNT) 664: This field            includes a count of PTE address array entries that are            meaningful.        -   (i) PTE Addresses 666: This field includes an array of 0-16            PTE address fields. Bits of each PTE address field with 3            zeros appended on the right forms the host real or absolute            address of a PTE, which has been pinned for the request for            which the FOB pertains.

FOBs may be linked to one another to form various lists. One list is theavailable FOB list. When the FOB has been allocated by the host and isnot being used for a QDIO operation, it resides in the available FOBlist (AFOBL). In one instance, a separate available FOB list is providedfor each processor. The FOBs in the available FOB list are singly linkedusing the next request head FOB address field. The last entry in thelist is designated by a zero value in its next request head FOB addressfield. The origin of the available FOB list and the count of FOBs in theavailable FOB list are designated by fields in a CPU prefix area.

Another list is the request component FOB list that includes one or moreFOBs that comprise a single, active FCP request. The number of FOBs in arequest component FOB list corresponds to the number of SBALs in the FCPrequest. The first FOB in the request component FOB list is the head FOBand is used to represent the presence of the active request in theactive request head FOB list.

For a single SBAL (i.e., single buffer) FCP request, the requestcomponent list is comprised of the head FOB. After the head FOB isconstructed, it is placed at the beginning of the active request headFOB list and construction complete and request active indicators in theFOB's flags field are both set to one to indicate that the constructionof the total FCP request is complete and the request is active.

For a multiple SBAL (i.e., multi-buffer) FCP request, one FOB isconstructed corresponding to each SBAL that comprises the request. Thefirst FOB constructed becomes the head FOB. The head FOB is added to thebeginning of the active request head FOB list and, after it isconstructed, the request active bit in the FOB's flags field is set toone to indicate that the request is active. The anchor of the list ofthe remaining request component FOBs resides in the head FOB.

The remaining FOBs are added to the request component FOB list and aresingly linked using the next request component FOB address field,beginning with the head FOB. The last FOB in the list is designated by azero value in its next request component FOB address field. After thelast FOB has been added to the list, the construction complete indicatorin the head FOB's flags field is set to one to indicate that theconstruction of the total FCP request is complete and the request isactive.

The FOBs in the request component FOB list including the head FOB areconsidered request component FOBs.

Another list is the active request head FOB list. When an FCP request isactive, the request's head FOB is in the active request head FOB list.The active request head FOB list is a doubly linked list using the nextrequest head FOB address and the previous request head FOB addressfields. The anchors of the active request head FOB list are the firstactive request head FOB address and the last active request head FOBaddress fields in the queue storage descriptor for the queue. The firstentry in the list is designated by a value of the address of the queuestorage descriptor's first active request head FOB address field in thehead FOB's previous request head FOB address field and the value of theaddress of the first entry's head FOB in the first active request headFOB address of the queue storage descriptor. The last entry of the listis designated by a value of the address of the queue storagedescriptor's first active request head FOB address field in the head FOBnext request head FOB address field and the value of the address of thelast entry's head FOB in the last active request head FOB address of thequeue descriptor.

Returning to FIG. 2 a, subsequent to creating the QBICB, a StartSubchannel instruction with an Establish QDIO Queues Channel CommandWord is issued by the host to the machine to inform the adapter of thelocation of the shadow QDIO queues for the connection being established,STEP 238. The machine sends the Establish QDIO Queues command to theadapter, STEP 240, and the host waits for completion, STEP 242 (FIG. 2b). The machine issues an I/O completion interruption, STEP 244, that isreceived by the host, which reflects a virtual I/O completioninterruption, STEP 246. The I/O completion interruption for theEstablish QDIO Queues command is received by program 200, STEP 248.

Thereafter, the program retrieves the subchannel token for the QEBSMconnection and the type of SIGAs required (or desired) to manage thisconnection, STEP 250. In one example, this is performed by issuing theCHSC Store Subchannel QDIO Data command described above.

The host associates the QBICB with the subchannel, STEP 252. In oneexample, this association is performed by issuing a Set ChannelSubsystem Characteristics command. The CHSC Set Channel SubsystemCharacteristics command sets selected channel subsystem controls basedon the operation code of a command request block for this command.

One example of a command request block 700 is described with referenceto FIG. 7 a. The request block includes, for instance:

-   -   (a) Length field 702: This field specifies the length of the        command request block.    -   (b) Command code 704: This field specifies the Set Channel        Subsystem Characteristics Command.    -   (c) Operation Code (OC) 706: This field includes a value that        specifies the operation that is to be performed. As one example,        an OC of 0 specifies a set adapter device controls operation.        Execution of the set adapter device controls operation requests        that the specified adapter device controls be enabled and set        for the specified subchannel, or disabled for the subchannel.        The adapter device controls are, for instance:        -   The address of the device state change indicator;        -   The storage protection key for the device state change            indicator;        -   The address of the adapter local summary indicator;        -   The storage protection key for the adapter local summary            indicator;        -   The interruption subclass code;        -   The guest interruption subclass code; and        -   The origin of the QBICB.    -   (d) Format (FMT) 708: The command request format field includes        an unsigned integer whose value specifies the layout of the        command request block. One example of the value of this field is        0.    -   (e) Operation Data Area 710: This area of the command request        block may be used by an operation. The format of the data of the        operation data area is specific to each operation code.

As one example, the operation data area of the set adapter devicecontrols operation includes, for instance, the following fieldsdescribed with reference to FIG. 7 b:

-   -   (a) Adapter Local Summary Indicator (ALSI) Address 720: This        field includes the absolute address of the adapter local summary        indicator byte in storage for the specified subchannel.    -   (b) Device State Change Indicator (DSCI) Address 722: This field        includes the absolute address of the device state change        indicator byte in storage for the specified subchannel.    -   (c) Adapter Local Summary Indicator Key (KS) 724: This field        includes the storage access key used to access the adapter local        summary indicator byte for the specified subchannel.    -   (d) Device State Change Indicator Key (KC) 726: This field        includes the storage access key used to access the device state        change indicator byte for the specified subchannel.    -   (e) Interruption Subclass Code (IS) 732: This field includes an        unsigned integer that specifies an interruption subclass code to        be used to control enablement of adapter interruptions.    -   (f) Subsystem Identification (SID) 734: This field includes an        unsigned integer that specifies a subsystem ID that identifies        the subchannel for which the adapter local summary indicator and        device state change indicator addresses are being set.    -   (g) QDIO Buffer Information Control Block (QBICB) Origin 736:        This field is used to form the absolute address of the QBICB.        When this field specifies a valid address that is not zero and        the QBICB is not specified to cross a 4 K byte boundary, the        specified QBICB is associated with the specified subchannel and        the subchannel is enabled for QDIO Enhanced Buffer State        Management Interpretation. When this field contains a zero and        the specified subchannel is associated with a QBICB, the        subchannel is disassociated from that QBICB and the subchannel        is disabled for QDIO Enhanced Buffer State Management        Operations. When this field contains an invalid address, a        response code may be stored. When this field specifies a valid        address that is not zero and the QBICB is specified to cross a 4        K byte boundary, the QBICB specification is invalid and a        response code may be stored.    -   When a valid non-zero QBICB origin is provided in the operation        data area, the device is further associated with the designated        QBICB and enabled for QDIO Enhanced Buffer State Management        Interpretation. When a zero QBICB origin is provided in the        operation data area, if the device is associated with a QBICB,        it is disassociated from that QBICB.

One example of a command response block 740 for the Set ChannelSubsystem Characteristics command is described with reference to FIG. 7c. The response block includes, for instance:

-   -   (a) Length field 742: This field specifies the length of the        command response block.    -   (b) Response Code 744: This field includes an unsigned integer        that describes the results of an attempt to execute the Set        Channel Subsystem Characteristics command.    -   A response code of success indicates that the specified channel        subsystem characteristics have been set as determined by the        operation code and operation data area in the command request        block. When a response code other than success is stored, the        command is suppressed, and the specified channel subsystem        characteristics are not set.    -   (c) Format 746: This field includes an unsigned integer whose        value specifies the layout of the command response block.

Returning to FIG. 2 b, the machine processes the Set Channel SubsystemCharacteristics instruction, STEP 254, and information is passed back tothe host.

Moreover, the host retrieves the latest QDIO characteristics requestedby the program, STEP 256. In one example, this is performed using theStore Subchannel QDIO Data command described herein. The StoreSubchannel QDIO Data instruction is processed by the machine, STEP 258,and information is passed back to the host.

The host indicates that QEBSM is enabled and returns the host absoluteaddress of the QBICB as the subchannel token and the SIGAs required inthe program's CHSC response data, STEP 260. The program receives thesubchannel token and characteristics for the connection, STEP 262.

Thereafter, the program initializes the QDIO buffers to the appropriatestart-up states using an SQBS instruction with the returned subchanneltoken, STEP 264. The SQBS instruction, which is described below, isprocessed by the machine, STEP 266, and information is passed back tothe program.

Moreover, a Start Subchannel with an Activate QDIO Queues ChannelCommand Word is issued by the program to activate the queues for datatransfer, STEP 268. One example of the processing associated with thiscommand is described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,332,171, entitled“Self-Contained Queues With Associated Control Information For ReceiptAnd Transfer Of Incoming And Outgoing Data Using A Queued DirectInput-Output Device,” Baskey et al., issued Dec. 18, 2001, which ishereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. The hostreceives this Start Subchannel command and issues a Start Subchannelwith an Activate QDIO Queues Channel Command Word informing the adapterto activate the queues for data transfer, STEP 270. Then the machinesends the Activate QDIO Queues to the adapter, STEP 272. When therequest is initiated, QDIO data transfer may begin, STEP 274.

As part of QDIO data transfer, the guest program manages the QDIO bufferstates. To do this, two instructions have been implemented, inaccordance with an aspect of the present invention. One instruction isreferred to as the Set QDIO Buffer State (SQBS) instruction and theother is referred to as the Extract QDIO Buffer State (EQBS)instruction. These instructions allow for dynamically synchronizing V=Vvirtual machine (guest) QDIO queues with the host shadow copies of thosequeues. The dynamic queue synchronization is performed by the machineduring guest execution without host intervention. Thus, use of the SetQDIO Buffer State and Extract QDIO Buffer State instructions by theguest eliminates the context switching overhead that has been previouslyincurred in order to keep guest QDIO queues and host shadow QDIO queuessynchronized.

One embodiment of using the Set QDIO Buffer State instruction isdescribed with reference to FIGS. 8 a-8 c. Prior to invoking the SetQDIO Buffer State instruction, certain initialization takes place. Forexample, the host performs various cleanup tasks, STEP 800 (FIG. 8 a)including, for instance, removing and processing frames on a processedframe descriptor list.

The processed frame descriptor list (PFDL) is a list of framedescriptors that describes host page frames that have been used toresolve host page invalid conditions during guest interpretation. Thehost page frames that are described by the PFDL have been assigned tohost pages that provide storage for a guest. The PFDL is designated by aPFDL origin (PFDLO) at a specified host real address. The contents ofthe PFDLO, with five zeros appended on the right, specify the host homespace virtual address of the first frame descriptor on the PFDL. A valueof zero indicates that the list is empty.

The PFDLO is initialized by the host and may be changed by the host or ahost page management assist function (described herein). The PFDLO ischanged, in one embodiment, by means of a doubleword concurrentinterlocked update operation that maintains the integrity of the list.

A frame descriptor describes a host page frame, and multiple framedescriptors may be linked to one another to form a list, such as thePFDL or an available frame descriptor list (AFDL). The frame descriptoris allocated, deallocated, and initialized by the host and may beupdated by host page management assist functions (described herein). Inone example, a frame descriptor 900 (FIG. 9) is, for instance, a 32-byteblock residing in host home space virtual storage on a 32 byte boundary,and includes the following fields:

-   -   (a) Next Frame Descriptor Address 902: In one example, the        contents of this field, with 5 zeros appended on the right,        specify the host home space virtual address of the next frame        descriptor on the list. A value of zero indicates that the frame        descriptor is the last on the list.    -   This field is initialized by the host and may be changed by the        host or by host page management assist functions.    -   (b) Page Frame Real Address or PTE Copy 904: When the frame        descriptor is in the available frame descriptor list (AFDL), the        contents of this field, with twelve zeros appended on the right,        specify the host real address of the first byte (byte 0) of a        host page frame that is available for allocation to provide host        storage.    -   When the frame descriptor is in the processed frame descriptor        list (PFDL), this field includes a copy of the page table entry        (PTE) designated by the page table entry address field, as it        appeared before the host page was resolved.    -   This field is initialized by the host and may be changed by the        host or by host page management assist functions.    -   (c) Page Table Entry Address 906: When the frame descriptor is        on the processed frame descriptor list, the contents of this        field, with three zeros appended on the right, specify the host        real or host absolute address of the page table entry for the        host virtual page.    -   This field is initialized by the host and may be changed by the        host or by host page management assist functions.

Returning to FIG. 8 a, in addition to performing cleanup, the hostensures that there are sufficient frames on the available framedescriptor list to service the next several requests for host storage,STEP 802. The available frame descriptor list (AFDL) is a list of framedescriptors that describes host frames the host has made available forhost page allocation. The AFDL is designated by an AFDL origin (AFDLO)at a specified host real address.

The contents of the AFDLO, with five zeros appended on the right,specify the host home space virtual address of the first framedescriptor on the AFDL. A value of zero indicates that the list isempty.

The AFDLO is initialized by the host and may be changed by the host orhost page management assist functions. The AFDLO is changed by means ofa non-interlocked update operation.

A frame descriptor exists in one of the two lists: The processed framedescriptor list (PFDL) or the available frame descriptor list (AFDL). Aseparate pair of these lists is provided for each CPU. The origins ofthe AFDL and PFDL for a CPU are designated by means of fields in theprefix area of the CPU.

Thereafter, a host can start interpretive execution (SIE) of theprogram, STEP 804. In response to starting interpretive execution, theprogram begins to execute, and during execution, selects the next QDIObuffer to be transferred to the adapter, STEP 806. The program fills inthe SBAL with the program absolute addresses of the storage blocks to beused in the data transfer, STEP 808. Further, the program transfersownership of the buffer to the adapter by issuing a Set QDIO BufferState instruction changing the state of the QDIO buffer from programowned to adapter owned, STEP 810. One example of the format of the SetQDIO Buffer State instruction is described with reference to FIG. 10. ASet QDIO Buffer State instruction 1000 includes an operation code 1002,which in this example is a split operation code, specifying the Set QDIOBuffer State instruction; a plurality of general registers 1004, such asR₁ and R₃; and a second operand 1006 designated by B₂, DL₂ and DH₂.

With the Set QDIO Buffer State instruction, the state of one or moreQDIO input queue or output queue buffers, specified by the generalregisters designated by the R₁ and R₃ fields, are set to the statespecified by the second operand. The operation proceeds until thespecified buffer states are set or until a CPU determined number ofbuffer states have been set, whichever occurs first. The result isindicated in the condition code.

General register 1 includes the subchannel token that designates theQDIO subchannel that is enabled for QDIO Enhanced Buffer StateManagement (QEBSM) and is to have one or more of its buffer states set.(The subchannel token is obtained via the CHSC Store Subchannel QDIOData command after the QDIO subchannel is enabled for QEBSM.)

The general register designated by the R₁ field includes a specificationof the QDIO queue and the first buffer whose state is to be set. Whenthe instruction is issued, the general register designated by the R₁field includes the following fields:

-   -   (a) Queue Index (QIX): This field includes an unsigned integer        index value that specifies the queue containing the buffers        whose states are to be set. If the queue is an input queue, then        the queue index is equal to the queue's input queue number. If        the queue is an output queue, then the queue index is equal to        the sum of the queue's output queue number plus the total count        of established input queues. The value of this field is to        specify an existing queue (i.e., the queue index value is not to        exceed the sum of the total count of established input queues        plus the total count of established output queues minus one);        otherwise a condition code and condition code qualifier are set,        in one example.    -   (b) Buffer Number (BNUM): This field includes an unsigned        integer that specifies the number of the first buffer whose        state is set.

The general register designated by the R₃ field includes a count of thenumber of buffers whose states are set. The R₃ register also includes acondition code qualifier field that is set along with the setting of thecondition code when the instruction completes. When the instruction isissued, the general register designed by the R₃ field includes thefollowing fields:

-   -   (a) Condition Code Qualifier (CCQ): When the instruction is        issued, the contents of this field have no meaning. When the        instruction completes, this field includes a condition code        qualifier (CCQ) code that is set when the condition code is set.        The following list includes possible CCQs.        -   All designated buffer states are set.        -   The currently specified buffer is in the adapter owned            state. The state of this buffer is not changed.        -   The currently specified buffer state has not been extracted            by the Extract QDIO Buffer State instruction, since the            state was last changed from an adapter owned to a program            owned state. The state of this buffer is not changed.        -   The address of the storage list (SL) for the currently            specified queue is invalid.        -   The address of the storage buffer address list (SBAL) for            the currently specified buffer is invalid.        -   The address of a storage block (SB) for the currently            specified buffer is invalid.        -   There is a SBAL sequence error in the specified buffer.        -   The designated subchannel is not operational.        -   The specified subchannel token does not designate a valid            subchannel enabled for QEBSM.        -   The specified queue is not established for the designated            sub channel.        -   The specified buffer number is invalid.        -   The specified buffer count is invalid.        -   The specified buffer state is neither an adapter owned nor            program owned state or the specified buffer state is both an            adapter owned and program owned state.        -   A CPU determined number of buffer states have been set.    -   (b) Count: This field includes an unsigned integer that        specifies the count of the buffers whose states are set. The        value of this field is to be greater than zero and less than or        equal to 128, in one example; otherwise, a condition code and        condition code qualifier are set.

The buffer number space is in the range of 0 to 127, as one example. Thecount value, in conjunction with the R₁ BNUM value, may specify awrap-around in the buffer number space.

The second operand address is not used to address data. Instead, therightmost eight bits of the second operand address specify the QDIObuffer state to be set in the form of a storage list state block (SLSB)buffer state indicator. If the second operand address specifies a statethat is neither an adapter owned nor a program owned state or the secondoperand address specifies a state that is both an adapter owned stateand a program owned state (i.e., if bit 0 and bit 1 of the specifiedstate are equal), a condition code is set and the R₃ condition codequalifier is set with a prespecified value.

The unit of operation for the Set QDIO Buffer State includes setting onebuffer state, decrementing the count field in the R₃ register by one,and incrementing the buffer number field in the R₁ register by one. Ifincrementing the buffer number field causes the buffer number to exceedthe maximum buffer number of 127, a wrap-around in the buffer numberspace occurs and the buffer number is reset to 0.

Instruction operation completes when any one of the following occursfirst:

-   -   When the count of buffer states specified in the R₃ count field        have been set and no error or exception conditions have been        encountered. In this case, a condition code and the R₃ condition        code qualifier field are set.    -   When an exception condition is encountered and none, some, or        all of the specified buffer states have been set. In this case,        a condition code is set and the R₃ condition code qualifier        field is set with a value to indicate the exception. The count        field in the R₃ register is decremented by the number of buffer        states that have been set and the buffer number (BNUM) field in        the R₁ register is incremented by the same number, wrapping        around through zero if required. Thus, if the count field in the        R₃ register is zero, the specified buffer states have been set.        If the count field is not zero, the R₁ queue index (QIX) and        buffer number (BNUM) fields identify the buffer that was being        processed when the exception condition was encountered.    -   When an error condition is encountered and none of the specified        buffer states have been set. In this case, a condition code is        set and the R₃ condition code qualifier field is set with a        value to indicate the error.    -   When a CPU determined number of the specified buffer states have        been set without setting the total specified count of buffer        states. In this case, a condition code and the R₃ condition code        qualifier field are set. The count field in the R₃ register is        decremented by the number of buffer states that have been set        and the buffer number (BNUM) field in the R₁ register is        incremented by the same number, wrapping around through zero if        required.

A serialization and checkpoint synchronization function is performedbefore and after the specified buffer states are set.

The execution of the Set QDIO Buffer State instruction does not changeany information contained in the subchannel nor does it cause the I/Osubsystem to signal the adapter nor does it alter any buffer stateinformation in program storage.

The processing associated with executing the SQBS instruction isdescribed with reference to FIGS. 8 a-8 c. The instruction isadvantageously executed by the machine unless an exceptional conditionoccurs. If such an exceptional condition occurs, then processing iscompleted by the host in that the host performs the remaining stepslisted under machine.

Referring to FIG. 8 a, in response to the SQBS instruction being issued,the machine performs a host enablement check to determine whether thehost enabled the guest for the QEBSM facility, STEP 812. If a QEBSMIenablement control (e.g., in guest state) is set to zero indicatingnon-enablement, STEP 814, then processing is to be completed by the hostinstead of the machine, STEP 816. When a condition is encountered duringSet QDIO Buffer State interpretation that requires some action orservice from the host, either an instruction interception or a partialexecution interception (PEI) is recognized, an interception parameter isset with the Set QDIO Buffer State instruction text and, for PEI, theQEBSM-PEI parameters are set in guest state.

Next, the machine performs a subchannel determination, STEP 818. In oneexample, the SQBS subchannel token is used to locate the QBICB whichcontains the SID identifying the subchannel. A determination is made asto whether the subchannel token matches the token stored in thesubchannel specified by the QBICB. If not, then processing is completedby the host, STEP 820. Otherwise, processing continues with the machine.

In further detail, when a Set QDIO Buffer State instruction is executed(as well as a Signal Adapter instruction or an Extract QDIO Buffer Stateinstruction), a subchannel token in general register 1 is used todesignate a subchannel. This token is used to determine whether thedesignated subchannel is enabled for QDIO Enhanced Buffer StateManagement Interpretation and to determine the subsystem id of thesubchannel. In one example, the steps used to make these determinationsinclude the following:

-   -   (1) The subchannel token value in register 1 is used as the host        real or absolute address of the QDIO Buffer Information Control        Block (QBICB) that was associated with the subchannel when it        was enabled for QDIO Enhanced Buffer State Management        Interpretation. If an access exception condition exists when        referencing the QBICB, the guest instruction is suppressed and        an instruction interception is recognized; otherwise processing        continues.    -   (2) The subsystem id field of the QBICB designates the        subchannel to be used. If the subsystem id field of the QBICB        does not include a valid subsystem id, the guest instruction is        suppressed and an instruction interception is recognized;        otherwise processing continues. This allows, for instance, the        host to handle the operation for a simulated device or to handle        a tracing capability.    -   (3) If the subchannel designated by the QBICB subsystem id field        is not enabled for QEBSMI or is not associated with the QBICB        designated by the subchannel token, the guest instruction is        suppressed and an instruction interception is recognized;        otherwise processing continues.

Next, a determination is made by the machine as to whether the SQBSoperands are valid, STEP 821. As examples, the buffer number isvalidated. In one example, if the R₁ buffer number field specifies avalue greater than 127, the instruction completes, and a condition codeand condition code qualifier are set. Additionally, the count value isvalidated. If the R₃ count field specifies a value of 0 or a valuegreater than 128, the instruction once again completes, and a conditioncode and condition code qualifier are set. Additionally, the specifiedbuffer state is checked for validity. If the buffer state specified bythe second operand address specifies a simultaneous adapter owned andprogram owned state or a state that is neither adapter owned or programowned, the instruction completes, and a condition code and conditioncode qualifier are set. Further, the queue storage descriptor for thespecified queue is located. If the R₁ queue index field is greater thanor equal to the value in the QBICB queue count field, the specifiedqueue is not established for the subchannel and the instructioncompletes, and a condition code and condition code qualifier are set.Otherwise, the value of the R₁ queue index field is used as the indexinto the QBICB queue descriptor address array to determine the queuedescriptor address.

Should any of the above tests fails, then processing completes, and acondition code and condition code qualifier are set, STEP 822.Otherwise, processing continues.

An interval completion indicator in the guest state is set to one and aserialization and checkpoint synchronization function is performed. Incase of a machine failure, this indicator informs the host that the hostcontrol structures may be in a questionable state.

Next, an attempt is made to acquire the queue storage descriptor lockfor the specified queue, STEP 824. The queue storage descriptor addressis fetched from the queue storage address field in the QBICB queuedescriptor for the specified queue. An attempt is made, using aninterlocked update operation, to change the QSD lockword value fromavailable to locked by the machine. If the QSD address is zero or anaccess exception condition exists when attempting to set the lockword, avalidity interception is recognized and a validity interception reasoncode is set.

If the interlocked update operation fails, this operation may be retrieda model dependent number of times. If the QSD lockword cannot be set tothe locked by machine value, a partial execution interception isrecognized, the partial execution reason code in the QEBSM-PEIparameters field returned to the host program is set to, for instance,1, and processing is completed by the host, STEP 826. If the interlockedupdate operation succeeds, processing continues.

The following logic is repeated for the number of QDIO buffers specifiedby the count field on the SQBS instruction. Initially, the SQBN and SBALfor the QDIO buffer to be processed are located, STEP 828. In oneexample, the host storage list for the specified queue is located. Thatis, the host storage list address is fetched from the host storage listaddress field in the queue storage descriptor. Then, the specified queuestorage list state block is located. This address is fetched from theSLSB address field in the queue storage descriptor. The first SLSB entry(SQBN) to be set is located. The value of the R₁ buffer number (BNUM)field is used as the index into the SLSB to determine the address of thefirst SQBN that is to be set. If an access exception condition existswhen accessing the SQBN, a validity interception is recognized and avalidity interception reason code is set.

Thereafter, a determination is made as to whether the specified bufferis currently owned by the program, STEP 830. In one example, thisdetermination is made by checking the SQBN. If not, then processingcompletes, and a condition code and condition code qualifier are set,STEP 832. Otherwise, processing continues with the machine making adetermination as to whether the state of the specified buffer needs tobe extracted, STEP 834 (FIG. 8 b). If the state needs to be extractedvia, for instance, an EQBS instruction, then processing completes, and acondition code and condition code qualifier are set, STEP 836. If thestate of the specified buffer does not need to be extracted, then thecontents of the program SBAL are copied to the host's SBAL, STEP 838.Moreover, the buffer synchronization and EQBS operation required bits inthe host's SBAL are set, STEP 840.

Further, for each meaningful host SBALE that has a valid storage block,the following functions are performed, STEP 842: (1) The programabsolute (host virtual) storage block address is fetched from the hostSBALE, STEP 844; (2) An HPMA pin function, described below, is invokedto translate and pin the page in storage, STEP 846. If the HPMA pinfunction is unsuccessful, STEP 848, then processing is completed by thehost, STEP 850. Otherwise, processing continues by the machine; (4) Thehost absolute address of the storage block returned by the HPMA pin ismoved into the host's SBALE, STEP 852; and (5) The pinned page indicatorin the host's SBAL is set, STEP 854 (FIG. 8 c).

Thereafter, the buffer's SQBN is set to the adapter owned statespecified by the SQBS instruction, STEP 856. In one example, the stateis specified by the second operand. Additionally, the SQBS buffer number(BNUM) is incremented by one, STEP 858, and the SQBS count field isdecremented by one, STEP 860.

A determination is made as to whether the SQBS count is equal to 0, STEP862. Should the SQBS count not be equal to 0, then processing continueswith locate the SQBN and SBAL for the QDIO buffer to be processed, STEP828 (FIG. 8 a). However, if the SQBS count is equal to 0, thenprocessing continues with unlocking the QSD lock, STEP 864 (FIG. 8 c).If successful, an indication of success is forwarded to the program,STEP 866.

If this is the last QDIO buffer to transfer at this time, then anappropriate SIGA instruction function is issued to signal the adapterthat an I/O request is pending, for instance, SIGA-wt for an outputoperation or SIGA-rt when making an input available for subsequent useby the adapter, STEP 868.

It is noted that if the SQBS processing had to be completed by the host,then the host presents the appropriate end ops to the program, insteadof the machine.

In describing the SQBS instruction, reference is made to Host PageManagement Assist (HPMA). In accordance with an aspect of the presentinvention, Host Page Management Assist includes four assist functionsthat can be invoked by other CPU facilities during the interpretation ofa pageable storage guest. These functions include a pin function, aresolve host page function, an unpin host page by virtual addressfunction and an unpin host page by PTE address function, each of whichis described below.

The HPMA pin function invoked from the SQBS instruction provides the CPUwith the ability to indicate that the contents of a host page are pinnedin a host page frame. A page may be pinned when it is required to beresident beyond the execution of a single instruction (e.g., for theduration of an I/O operation). When a page is in the pinned state, thisis an indication to the host that the page is ineligible for pageinvalidation. When a page is successfully pinned by the pin host pagefunction, a pinned page counter associated with the page may beincremented.

In one example, a delta pinned page counter array (DPPCA) is an arrayof, for instance, 31-bit signed integer pinned page counters, one ofwhich may be incremented by the pin host page function when a page issuccessfully pinned. Further, one of the DPPCA counters may bedecremented by an unpin host page by virtual address function or anunpin host page by PTE address function (described below), when a pageis successfully unpinned. In one implementation, one counter in theDPPCA is associated with pages that reside in host real storage below agiven size (e.g., 2 GB), and the other counter is associated with pagesthat reside in host real storage at or above that size.

The host classifies each page as either a class 0 page or class 1 pageand sets a page class indicator in a page status table entry (PGSTE) forthe page accordingly. One example of a page status table entry 1100 isdescribed with reference to FIG. 11 a. Page status table entry 1100includes, for instance, the following:

-   -   (a) Acc 1102: Access control key;    -   (b) FP 1104: Fetch protection indicator;    -   (c) Page Control Interlock (PCL) 1106: This is the interlock        control for serializing updates to a page table entry ( PTE) and        corresponding PGSTE, except for the PGSTE status area and PGSTE        bits that are marked as reserved.    -   (d) HR 1108: Host reference backup indicator;    -   (e) HC 1110: Host change backup indicator;    -   (f) GR 1112: Guest reference backup indicator;    -   (g) GC 1114: Guest change backup indicator;    -   (h) Page Content Logically Zero Indicator (Z) 1116: When one,        the content of the page that is described by this PGSTE and        corresponding PTE is considered to be zero. Any prior content of        the page does not have to be preserved and may be replaced by a        page of zeros.    -   When zero, the content of the page described by the PGSTE and        corresponding PTE is not considered to be zero. The content of        the page is to be preserved and should not be replaced.    -   This bit is meaningful when the corresponding PTE page invalid        (PTE.I) bit is one.        -   1. When the Z bit is one and the corresponding PTE.I bit            (described below) is one, the page content may be replaced            by the host or by a function of the Host Page Management            Assist.        -   2. When the Z bit is one, the corresponding PTE.I bit is            one, and the page content is replaced, the page should be            replaced by associating it with a frame that has been set to            zeros.    -   (i) Page Class (PC) 1118: When zero, the page described by the        PGSTE and corresponding PTE is a class 0 page and the delta        pinned page count array (DPPCA) for class 0 pages is used for        counting pinning and unpinning operations for the page. When        one, the page described by the PGSTE and corresponding PTE is a        class 1 page and the DPPCA for class 1 pages is used for        counting pinning and unpinning operations for the page.    -   (j) Pin Count Overflow (PCO) 1120: When one, the pin count field        is in an overflow state. When zero, the pin count field is not        in an overflow state. In this case, the total pin count is kept        by the host in another data structure not accessed by the        machine.    -   (k) Frame Descriptor On Processed Frame Descriptor List (FPL)        1122: When one, a frame descriptor for the page described by the        PGSTE and corresponding PTE is in a processed frame descriptor        list. The frame descriptor identifies the host page frame that        was used by the HPMA resolve host page function for the page.    -   (l) Page Content Replacement Requested (PCR) 1124: When one,        page content replacement was requested when the HPMA resolve        host page function was invoked for the page represented by the        PGSTE and corresponding PTE.    -   (m) Pin Count 1126: An unsigned binary integer count used to        indicate whether the content of the host virtual page        represented by the PGSTE and corresponding PTE is pinned in the        real host page frame specified by the page frame real address        field of the PTE. When the value of this field is greater than        zero or the page count overflow (PCO) bit is one, the        corresponding page is considered to be pinned. When the value of        this field is zero and the PCO bit is zero, the corresponding        page is not considered to be pinned.    -   At the time a page is pinned by either the host or the CPU, this        field should be incremented by 1. At the time a page is unpinned        by either the host or the CPU, this field should be decremented        by 1.    -   When the value of the pin count field is greater than zero or        the PCO bit is one, the corresponding PTE.I (page invalid) bit        is to be zero. Otherwise, unpredictable results may occur.    -   While a page is pinned, the host program should not change the        contents of the PTE page frame real address (PRFA) field, the        setting of the PTE page invalid (I) bit, or the setting of the        page protection (P) bit in the PTE or segment table entry (STE).        Otherwise unpredictable results may occur.

A PGSTE corresponds to a page table entry (PTE), an example of which isdescribed with reference to FIG. 11 b. A page table entry 1150 includes,for instance:

-   -   (a) Page Frame Real Address 1152: This field provides the        leftmost bits of a real storage address. When these bits are        concatenated with the byte index field of the virtual address on        the right, the real address is obtained.    -   (b) Page Invalid Indicator 1154: This field controls whether the        page associated with the page table entry is available. When the        indicator is zero, address translation proceeds by using the        page table entry. When the indicator is one, the page table        entry cannot be used for translation.    -   (c) Page Protection Indicator 1156: This field controls whether        store accesses are permitted into the page.

Further details regarding page table entries and page tables, as well assegment table entries mentioned herein, are provided in an IBM®publication entitled, “z/Architecture Principles of Operation,” IBM®Publication No. SA22-7832-02, June 2003, which is hereby incorporatedherein by reference in its entirety.

Continuing with the discussion of DPPCA, a separate DPPCA is associatedwith each virtual configuration for class 0 pin page counts and isdesignated by the class 0 DPPCA origin field in each description of thevirtual configuration. A single DPPCA exists for class 1 pin page countsand is designated by the class 1 DPPCA origin field in the prefix area.

A DPPCA is not subject to key controlled protection nor low addressprotection. In one example, it is an 8-byte control block that isallocated on a doubleword boundary, and includes, for instance, a deltapinned page count for page frame real addresses less than a certain size(e.g., 2 GB), and a delta pinned page count for page frame realaddresses greater than or equal to that size. An interlocked updateoperation is to be used to change this field in order to maintain theaccuracy of its content. A delta pinned page counter may be incrementedwhen a page is successfully pinned by the pin host page function.

When the pin host page function is invoked, the following data is inputto the function: the host virtual address (page)to be pinned; theeffective host address space control element (ASCE) that identifies theaddress space assigned to the guest and the translation tables to beused; an indication of whether the page is being pinned for a fetch orstore operation; and a page content replacement indicator.

One embodiment of the logic associated with the pin host page functionis described with reference to FIG. 12. Initially, the PTE/PGSTE pair islocated for the page, STEP 1200. For instance, using the ASCE and thevirtual address (page) to be pinned the location of the page table entryand page status table entry in host storage for the virtual address tobe pinned is determined.

The located PTE/PGSTE pair is locked using, for instance, an interlockedupdate operation to change the page control lock indicator in the PGSTEfrom 0 to 1, STEP 1202. If the pair could not be locked or if the pagecontrol interlock (PCL) was already one, INQUIRY 1204, then a failure isindicated, STEP 1206. Otherwise, processing continues with determiningwhether the pin count for the page would overflow with the next pin(i.e., if the value of the pin count field in the PGSTE is at apredefined value (e.g., 255)), INQUIRY 1208. If so, then processing endswith a failure, STEP 1206. Otherwise, the PTE for the virtual page to bepinned is fetched, STEP 1210.

Next, a determination is made as to whether the page is protected and isbeing pinned for a store operation, INQUIRY 1212. That is, if the inputindication is for a store operation and the page protection bit is onein either a segment table entry or page table entry for the page, thenfailure is indicated, STEP 1206. Otherwise, processing continues withdetermining whether the page is invalid, INQUIRY 1214. If the page isinvalid, then a resolve host page function is invoked, described below,STEP 1216. If the resolve host page function fails, INQUIRY 1217, thenthe pin function fails, STEP 1206. However, if the resolve issuccessful, or if the page is not invalid, then the pin count isincremented, STEP 1218.

Subsequently, a determination is made as to whether the pin state isbeing changed from the unpinned to the pinned state, INQUIRY 1220. Ifso, the associated delta pinned page count (i.e., the one selected basedon page class and PFRA) is incremented by one, STEP 1222. That is, ifthe pin count is now one and the pin count is not in an overflow state(PGSTE.PCL=0), then the page state has transitioned from the unpinned tothe pinned state. In this case, the delta pinned page count isincremented by one. Thereafter, or if the page state is not beingchanged from the unpinned to the pinned state, then the PTE/PGSTE pairis unlocked, STEP 1224. For example, the page control interlock bit inthe PGSTE is set to zero, and processing is complete with a success.

When the pin host page function exits with an indication of success, thedesignated page is pinned and also may have been resolved by invocationof the resolve host page function. In this case, the page count for thepage has been incremented in the status table by the machine and hosttranslation tables may also have been updated by the machine and theprevious requirement to transfer control to the host for page pinningand resolution is alleviated.

When the page host pin function exits with an indication of failure, nopermanent change to the translation and status tables have been made,and any page controlled interlock bit that was set by the pin functionis reset when the failure is recognized. In this case, the machinebehaves as if the function was not invoked and the host will be givencontrol to handle the failure.

As described above, if the page to be pinned is invalid, then a resolvehost page function is invoked. The resolve host page function makes useof a host provided list of available host page frames that can be usedby the CPU, when conditions permit, to dynamically resolve a host pageinvalid condition. The function also provides a means by which the hostis informed about any host page frames that have been used to resolvehost page invalid conditions by being assigned to specific host pages.

If host page management assist is enabled, the resolve host pagefunction is invoked for a host page, and the page invalid bit in thepage table entry (PTE.I) that describes the page is one, then one of thehost page frames that the host has made available may be used todynamically resolve the host page invalid condition.

Input to the resolve host page function includes the available framedescriptor list, the virtual address (page) to be resolved, theeffective address space control element (ASCE) that identifies theaddress space and the translation tables to be used, a page contentreplacement indicator, indication of whether an interval completionindicator has already been set by the invoker, and an indication ofwhether access to the PTE/PTSTE pair has been locked by the invoker.

One embodiment of the logic associated with the resolve function isdescribed with reference to FIGS. 13 a-13 b. Initially, a determinationis made as to whether there are any available frames, INQUIRY 1300 (FIG.13 a). This determination is made by, for instance, checking whether theavailable frame descriptor list is empty. If the AFDLO specifies anaddress of zero (i.e., there are no available host page frames for thelocal processor), then there are no available frames and processingexits indicating failure, STEP 1302.

However, if there are available frames, then processing continues withlocating the PTE/PGSTE pair for this page, STEP 1304. In one example,the ASCE and the virtual address (page) to be resolved are used todetermine the location of the page table entry and page status tableentry in host storage for the virtual address to be resolved.

Thereafter, the page frame real address is fetched from the first framedescriptor in the available frame descriptor list, STEP 1306. Also, ifnot already indicated as having been established by the invoker, theinterval completion indicator is marked to show that the resolve hostpage function has begun and serialization and checkpoint synchronizationfunctions are also performed, STEP 1308.

Subsequently, the PTE/PGSTE pair are conditionally locked, STEP 1310. Ifthe resolve host page function entry conditions indicate that access tothe PTE and PGSTE corresponding to the host virtual address to beresolved has not already been serialized, an interlocked updateoperation is used in an attempt to change the page control interlockindicator in the PGSTE (PGSTE.PCL) from zero to one. If the PTE/PGSTEpair cannot be locked or if the PGSTE.PCL is found to be already one,INQUIRY 1312, then processing exits with a failure, STEP 1302.Otherwise, processing continues with fetching the PTE for the virtualpage to be resolved, STEP 1314. In one example, the page table entry isblock-fetched concurrently from host storage.

Moreover, a determination is made as to whether the page needs to beresolved, INQUIRY 1316. In one example, this determination is made bychecking the invalid indicator in the PTE. If the PTE indicates that thepage is valid (PTE.I=0), then the page is resolved and processing iscomplete. However, if the page is to be resolved, then a furtherdetermination is made as to whether the page can be resolved, INQUIRY1318. For instance, if the PGSTE for the virtual page to be resolvedindicates that the page contents are not logically zero (PGSTE.Z=0) andthe input page content replacement indicator indicates the page cannotbe replaced, then processing exits with a failure, STEP 1302. However,if the page content logically zero indicator in the PGSTE is one or theresolve host page function entry conditions indicate that the content ofthe host virtual page to be resolved can be replaced, then an attempt toresolve the page can be made and processing continues, STEP 1320.

To resolve the page, various steps are performed as described withreference to FIG. 13 b. One step includes setting the storage key forthe page, STEP 1330. For example, the storage key for the host frameidentified by the page frame real address field of the frame descriptoris set by: setting the access control bits from PGSTE.ACC; setting thefetch protection bit from PGSTE.FP; setting the reference indicator tozero; and setting the change indicator to zero.

Additionally, the frame descriptor is removed from the available framedescriptor list, STEP 1332. As one example, a non-interlocked updateoperation is used to remove the frame descriptor from the availableframe descriptor list. The contents of the next frame descriptor addressfield of the frame descriptor replace the old value in the AFDLO.

Next, a frame assignment is recorded, STEP 1334. The PTE for the hostvirtual page is preserved by copying the PTE into the PTE copy field ofthe frame descriptor. Additionally, the address of the PTE for the hostvirtual page is stored into the page table entry address field of theframe descriptor.

Next, a determination is made as to whether the page contents can bereplaced, INQUIRY 1338. As one example, this determination is made bychecking the input page content replacement indicator. If the input pagecontent replacement indicator indicates that page contents can bereplaced, the page content replacement indicator in the PGSTE(PGSTE.PCR) is set to one, STEP 1340. This allows the host to keepstatistics on the number of operations that permit page contentreplacement.

Thereafter, or if the contents cannot be replaced, the PTE for the hostvirtual page is updated to remove the page invalid condition. Forexample, a concurrent store operation replaces the contents of the pageframe real address field of the page table entry with the contents ofthe page frame real address field of the frame descriptor, and sets thepage invalid bit in the page table entry to zero, STEP 1342. The otherbits in the PTE remain unchanged. Moreover, the frame descriptor isadded to the processed list, STEP 1344. This is performed via aninterlocked update operation. This completes processing of resolve.

Returning to FIG. 13 a, after resolving the page, the PTE/PGSTE pair isconditionally unlocked, STEP 1322. For example, if the page controlinterlock indicator was set to one by this function, the indicator isset to zero.

Moreover, if the interval completion indicator was set by this function,serialization and checkpoint synchronization functions are performed andthe interval completion indicator is reset, STEP 1324. This completesprocessing of the resolve function.

When the resolve function exits with an indication of success, thedesignated page has been resolved. In this case, the host translationtables have been updated by the machine and the previous requirement totransfer control to the host for page resolution is alleviated.

When the resolve function exits with an indication of failure, nochanges to the translation tables have been made. In this case, themachine behaves as if the function was not invoked and the host is givencontrol to handle the failure.

In addition to the SQBS instruction, the EQBS instruction has beenimplemented, in accordance with an aspect of the present invention. Asexamples, the guest issues an Extract QDIO Buffer State instruction whenthe guest receives notice from the adapter or on its own initiative whenthe buffer state is to be extracted. One embodiment of the logicassociated with the Extract QDIO Buffer State instruction is describedwith reference to FIGS. 14 a-14 c.

Prior to running the program, certain initialization takes place. Forexample, the host performs various cleanup tasks, STEP 1400 (FIG. 14 a),including, for instance, removing and processing frames on the processedframe descriptor list. Further, the host ensures that there aresufficient frames on the available frame descriptor list, STEP 1402.Thereafter, the host starts interpretive execution of the program, STEP1404.

During execution, the program selects the next outstanding QDIO bufferthe program is waiting for the adapter to finish processing, STEP 1406.The program then issues the EQBS instruction to retrieve the currentstate of the selected buffers, STEP 1408.

One example of the format of an EQBS instruction is described withreference to FIG. 15. An Extract QDIO Buffer State instruction 1500includes an operation code 1502 designating the EQBS instruction; ageneral register R₁ field 1504; a general register R₃ field 1506; and ageneral register R₂ field 1508, each of which is described below.

With the Extract QDIO Buffer State instruction, the state of one or moresame state QDIO input queue or output queue buffers, specified by thegeneral registers designated by the R₁ and R₃ fields, is extracted andloaded in the form of a QDIO buffer state indicator into the generalregister designated by the R₂ field. Optionally, specified buffers thatare in the input buffer primed state may be changed to the input bufferacknowledged state. The operation proceeds until the specified buffershave their common state extracted or until at least some of thespecified buffers have had their common state extracted and the nextbuffer state to be extracted is different from those previouslyextracted or until a CPU determined number of buffer states have hadtheir common state extracted, whichever comes first. The result isindicated in the condition code.

General register 1 includes the subchannel token that designates theQDIO subchannel that is enabled for QDIO Enhanced Buffer StateManagement (QEBSM) and is to have one or more of its buffer statesextracted.

The general register designated by the R₁ field includes a specificationof the QDIO queue and the first buffer whose state is to be extracted.When the instruction is issued, the general register designated by theR₁ field includes the following fields:

-   -   (a) Queue Index (QIX): This field includes an unsigned integer        index value that specifies the queue containing the buffers        whose states are to be extracted. If the queue is an input        queue, then the queue index is equal to the queue's input queue        number. If the queue is an output queue, then the queue index is        equal to the sum of the queue's output queue number plus the        total count of established input queues. This field is to        specify an existing queue (i.e., the queue index value is not to        exceed the sum of the total count of established input queues        plus the total count of established output queues minus one).    -   (b) Buffer Number (BNUM): This field includes an unsigned        integer that specifies the number of the first buffer whose        state is to be extracted. The value of this field is to be less        than 128, in one example.

The general register designed by the R₃ field includes a count of thenumber of buffers whose states are to be extracted. The R₃ register alsoincludes a condition code qualifier that is set along with the settingof the condition code when the instruction completes. When theinstruction is issued, the general register designated by the R₃ fieldincludes the following fields, in one example:

-   -   (a) Condition Code Qualifier (CCQ): When the instruction is        issued, this field has no meaning. When the instruction        completes, this field includes an unsigned integer condition        code qualifier (CCQ) code that is set when the condition code is        set. Examples of condition code qualifiers include the        following:        -   All designated buffer states are extracted.        -   The state of the currently specified buffer is different            than those states previously extracted during the execution            of this instruction.        -   The state of this buffer is not extracted.        -   The address of the storage list (SL) for the currently            specified queue is invalid.        -   The address of the storage buffer address list (SBAL) for            the currently specified buffer is invalid.        -   The address of a storage block (SB) for the currently            specified buffer is invalid.        -   The designated subchannel is not operational.        -   The specified subchannel token does not designate a valid            subchannel enabled for QEBSM.        -   The specified queue is not established for the designated            subchannel.        -   The specified buffer number is invalid.        -   The specified buffer count is invalid.        -   A CPU determined number of buffer states have been            extracted.        -   A CPU determined number of buffer storage blocks have been            processed, but no complete buffer has been processed and no            buffer state has been extracted.    -   (b) Count: This field includes an unsigned integer that        specifies the count of the buffers whose states are extracted.        The value of this field is to be greater than zero and less than        or equal to 128; otherwise, a condition code and the R₃        condition code qualifier field are set. The buffer number space        is in the range of 0 to 127. The count value, in conjunction        with the R₁ BNUM value, may specify a wrap around in the buffer        number space.

Before the instruction is issued, the general register designated by theR₂ field includes an indication of whether specified buffer states to beextracted and found to be in the input buffer primed state should bechanged to the input buffer acknowledged state after the buffer state isextracted. When the instruction completes, the resulting condition codeand condition code qualifier indicate, for instance, whether theregister designated by the R₂ field includes the state of one or morebuffers. The first buffer to which this state applies is identified bythe values of the R₁ QIX and BNUM fields when the instruction is issued.The count of sequentially numbered buffers to which this state appliesis the difference between the R₃ count field when the instruction isissued and the decremented R₃ count field when the instructioncompletes.

The general register designated by the R₂ field includes, for instance,the following fields:

-   -   (a) Acknowledge Input Buffers Control (I): When the instruction        is issued and this field is one, specified buffers that are        found to be in the input buffer primed state will be changed to        the input buffer acknowledged state after the buffer state is        extracted. When the instruction is issued and this field is        zero, no input buffer states are changed.    -   (b) Buffer State (BSTATE): When the instruction is issued, this        field has no meaning. When the instruction completes and the R₃        count field has been decremented, this field includes the value        fetched from the storage list state block (SLSB) buffer state        indicator. When the instruction completes and the R₃ count field        has not been decremented, the contents of this field remain        unchanged and have no meaning.

The unit of operation for the Extract QDIO Buffer State includesextracting one buffer state, loading the state into the R₂ BSTATE field,optionally changing the buffer state, decrementing the count field inthe R₃ register by one, and incrementing the buffer number field in theR₁ register by one. If incrementing the buffer number field causes thebuffer number to exceed the maximum buffer number of, for instance, 127,a wrap around in the buffer number space occurs and the buffer number isreset to, for instance, 0.

Instruction operation completes when one of the following occurs first:

-   -   When the count of buffers specified in the R₃ count field have        had their common state extracted into the R₂ buffer state        (BSTATE) field and no error or exception conditions have been        encountered. In this case, a condition code and the R₃ condition        code qualifier are set.    -   When an exception condition is encountered and none or some of        the specified buffers have had their common state extracted. In        this case, a condition code is set and the R₃ condition code        qualifier is set with a value to indicate the exception. The        count field in the R₃ register is decremented by the number of        buffer states that have been extracted and the buffer number        (BNUM) field in the R₁ register is incremented by the same        number, wrapping around through zero if required. The specified        buffer states have been extracted. If the count field is not        zero, the R₁ queue index (QIX) and buffer number (BNUM) fields        identify the buffer that was being processed when the exception        condition was encountered.    -   When an error condition is encountered and none of the specified        buffers have had their state extracted. In this case, a        condition code is set and the R₃ condition code qualifier field        is set with a value to indicate the error.    -   When a CPU determined number of buffers have had their common        state extracted without extracting the total specified count of        buffer states. In this case, a condition code and the R₃        condition code qualifier field are set. The count field in the        R₃ register is decremented by the number of buffer states that        have been extracted and the buffer number (BNUM) field in the R₁        register is incremented by the same number, wrapping around        through zero if required.    -   When the CPU determines to complete the instruction before        completing a single unit of operation. In this case, a condition        code and condition code qualifier are set. The count field in        the R₃ register and the buffer number (BNUM) field in the R₁        register remain unchanged and no state information is placed        into the buffer state (BSTATE) field of the R₂ register.

A serialization and checkpoint synchronization function is performedbefore and after the specified buffer states are extracted.

The execution of Extract QDIO Buffer State does not change anyinformation contained in the subchannel nor does it cause the I/Osubsystem to interrogate or signal the adapter.

The processing associated with executing the EQBS instruction isdescribed with reference to FIGS. 14 a-14 b. The instruction isadvantageously executed by the machine unless an exceptional conditionoccurs. If such an exceptional condition occurs, then processing of theinstruction is completed by the host.

Referring to FIG. 14 a, in response to the EQBS instruction beingissued, the machine performs a host enablement check to determinewhether the host enabled the guest for the QEBSM facility, STEP 1410. Ifthe guest is not a pageable storage mode guest or the QEBSMI facilityenablement control is zero, then processing is to be completed by thehost, STEP 1412. Otherwise, processing continues with the machine.

Next, the machine performs a subchannel determination, STEP 1414. In oneexample, the subchannel token in general register 1 is used to locatethe QBICB which includes the SID identifying the subchannel. Adetermination is made as to whether the subchannel token matches a tokenstored in the subchannel specified by the QBICB. If not, then processingis completed by the host; otherwise, processing continues with themachine.

A determination is made as to whether the EQBS operands are valid, STEP1416. In one example, the buffer number is validated. If the R₁ buffernumber (BNUM) field specifies a value greater than, for instance, 127,the instruction completes, and a condition code and condition codequalifier are set, STEP 1418. Further, the count value is validated. Ifthe R₃ count field specifies a value of zero or a value greater than,for instance, 128, the instruction completes, and a condition code andcondition code qualifier are set. Further, the queue storage descriptorfor the specified queue is located. If the R₁ queue index field isgreater than or equal to the value in the QBICB queue count field, thespecified queue is not established for the subchannel, the instructioncompletes, and a condition code and condition code qualifier are set.Otherwise, the value of the R₁ queue index field is used as the indexinto the QBICB queue descriptor address array to determine the queuedescriptor address.

Thereafter, an attempt is made to acquire by the machine the queuestorage descriptor lock for the specified queue, STEP 1420. The QSDaddress is fetched from the queue storage address field in the QBICBqueue descriptor for the specified queue. An attempt is made, using aninterlocked update operation, to change the QSD lockword value fromavailable to locked by the machine. If the QSD address is 0 or an accessexception condition exists when attempting to set the lockword, anexception is recognized. If the interlocked update operation fails, thisoperation may be retried a model-dependent number of times. If the QSDlockword cannot be set to the predefined value, a partial executioninterception is recognized and processing continues with the host, STEP1422. However, if the interlocked update operation succeeds, processingcontinues with the machine.

Next, the SQBN for the first QDIO buffer is located, STEP 1424 (FIG. 14b). The state of this buffer is the state that will be returned uponinstruction completion in STATE. In particular, the host storage listfor the specified queue is located by fetching the host storage listaddress from the host storage list address field in the queue storagedescriptor. The specified queue's storage list state block is thenlocated by fetching the SLSB address from the SLSB address field in thequeue storage descriptor. Furthermore, the first SLSB entry (the SQBN)to be extracted is located. The value of the R₁ buffer number field isused as the index into the SLSB to determine the address of the firstSQBN that is to be extracted.

The following logic is repeated for the number of QDIO buffers specifiedby the count field on the EQBS instruction. Initially, the SQBN and SBALfor the QDIO buffer to be processed are located, STEP 1426. Next, adetermination is made as to whether this SQBN matches the STATE to bereturned, STEP 1428. That is, if at least one buffer state has beenextracted and the SQBN for the current buffer includes a designation ofa state that is different from that previously extracted, the unit ofoperation is suppressed, the EQBS instruction completes, and a conditioncode and condition code qualifier are set, STEP 1430. Otherwise,processing continues.

If the specified buffer is currently owned by the program and needs tobe extracted (buffer synchronization in host SBAL=1), STEP 1431, thenthe following is performed for all SBALEs (e.g., 16) in the SBAL:

-   -   (1) Copy SBALF fields in host SBALEs, except for SBALF 2 into        the corresponding fields in the program SBALE, STEP 1432.    -   (2) If the page pinned indicator is on in the host SBAL, then:        -   a) An HPMA unpin function is invoked with the host virtual            address (from program SBALE) and host real address (from the            host SBALE), STEP 1434.        -   b) A determination is made as to whether the unpin function            was successful, STEP 1436. If the unpin function was            unsuccessful, then processing is completed by the host, STEP            1438. Otherwise, processing continues with the machine.        -   c) A page pinned indicator is set to zero in the host SBALE,            STEP 1438.        -   d) If the queue is an input queue, the host SBALE count is            copied to the program SBALE, STEP 1440 (FIG. 14 c).        -   e) If a format 2 input queue, then the buffer data offset            (i.e., the offset of the data into the buffer page) of the            host SBALE is copied into the guest SBALE leaving the            remainder of the buffer address intact, STEP 1442.    -   (3) Thereafter, buffer synchronization required and EQBS        operation required indicators are turned off in the host SBAL        and the state transition count in the QSD is incremented by one,        STEP 1444.

If the acknowledged input buffer control is on and the value in the SQBNindicates input buffer primed, then the SQBN is set to the input bufferacknowledged state, STEP 1446. The EQBS buffer number is alsoincremented by one, STEP 1448, and the EQBS count field is decrementedby one, STEP 1450.

Next, a determination is made as to whether the EQBS count is equal tozero, STEP 1452. If not, then processing continues with locate the SQBNand SBAL for the QDIO buffer to be processed, at STEP 1426 (FIG. 14 b).If the EQBS count is equal to zero, then processing completes with asuccessful indication. The program may then process the buffers thathave transitioned from the adapter owned to program owned state, STEP1454. For instance, it may process input that has arrived or handlecompletion of output requests (e.g., reclaim buffers).

If the EQBS processing had to be completed by the host, then the hostpresents the appropriate condition code and condition code qualifier tothe program, instead of the machine.

As described above, the EQBS instruction may invoke the HPMA unpin byvirtual address function. This function provides the CPU with theability to indicate that the contents of a host page no longer need tobe pinned in a host page frame on behalf of the I/O request. The page tobe unpinned is specified by a host virtual address. One or more pinnedpage counters that are associated with a page may be decremented when apage is successfully unpinned.

In one example, the inputs to this function include the virtual address(page) to be unpinned; the effective address space control element(ASCE) that identifies the address space assigned to the guest and thetranslation tables to be used; and the host real address of the page tobe unpinned.

To facilitate host data structure validity determination, the invoker ofthe unpin host page by virtual address function is responsible forensuring that the interval completion indicator is set throughout thecheckpoint interval in which the function is invoked. The unpin hostpage by virtual address function does not examine or modify the intervalcompetition indicator.

One embodiment of the logic associated with the unpin host page byvirtual address function is described with reference to FIG. 16.Initially, the PTE/PGSTE pair for the page is located, STEP 1600. Usingthe host virtual address to be unpinned and the host address spacecontrol element (ASCE), the host real addresses of the correspondingpage table entry and page status table entry are determined. Oncelocated, the PTE/PGSTE pair is locked using, for instance, aninterlocked update operation which changes the page control interlockindicator from zero to one, STEP 1602. If the PTE/PGSTE pair cannot belocked or if the PGSTE.PCL is already one, INQUIRY 1604, then processingends with failure, STEP 1606; otherwise, processing continues.

A determination is made as to whether the pin count for the page willunderflow with the next unpin (i.e., if the value of the pin count fieldin the PGSTE is zero), INQUIRY 1608. If so, then processing once againcompletes with a failure, STEP 1606; otherwise, processing continueswith fetching the PTE of the virtual page to be unpinned, STEP 1610. Inone example, the page table entry is fetched block-concurrently fromhost storage.

If the page is invalid or the page invalid bit is one, INQUIRY 1612,then processing once again ends in a failure, STEP 1606. Otherwise, adetermination is made as to whether an incorrect PTE has been located,INQUIRY 1614. That is, if the page frame real address field in the PTEdoes not designate the same page as the input host real address of thepage to be unpinned, then an incorrect PTE has been located, andprocessing ends, STEP 1606. Otherwise, processing continues. The pincount field in the PGSTE is decremented by one, STEP 1616, and adetermination is made as to whether the page state is being changed frompinned to unpinned, INQUIRY 1618. If the page state is being changedfrom the pinned to the unpinned state, then the associated delta pinnedpage count is decremented by one, STEP 1620. That is, if the pin countis now zero and the pin count is not in an overflow state (PGSTE.PCO=0),then the page state has transitioned from the pinned to the unpinnedstate, and the delta pinned page count is decremented by one.

Thereafter, or if the page state has not changed from pinned tounpinned, then the PTE/PGSTE pair is unlocked by, for instance, settingthe page control interlock indicator to zero, STEP 1622. This completesprocessing of the unpin by virtual address function.

When the unpin function exits with an indication of failure, no changesto the status tables have been made. In this case, the machine behavesas if the function was not invoked and the host is given control tohandle the failure. When this function exits with an indication ofsuccess, the designated page has been unpinned. In this case, the hoststatus tables have been updated by the machine and the previousrequirement to transfer control to the host for page pinning isalleviated.

Another function that can be invoked is an unpin host page by PTEaddress function. This function provides a CPU with the ability toindicate that the contents of a host page are no longer pinned in thehost page frame. The page to be unpinned is specified by the host realor absolute address of the host page table entry. One or more pinnedpage counters that are associated with a page table may be decrementedwhen the page is successfully unpinned.

In one example, the input to the unpin host page by PTE address functionincludes the host real address or the host page table entry for the pageto be unpinned.

One embodiment of the logic associated with the unpin host page by PTEaddress function is described with reference to FIG. 17. Initially, thepage status table entry corresponding to the input page table entry islocated, STEP 1700. The PTE/PGSTE pair is then locked, STEP 1702. In oneexample, an interlocked update operation is used in an attempt to changethe page control interlock indicator in the PGSTE from zero to one. Ifthe PTE/PGSTE pair could not be locked, or if the PGSTE.PCL was alreadyone, INQUIRY 1704, then processing exits with a failure, STEP 1706.

On the other hand, if the lock was successful, then a furtherdetermination is made as to whether the pin counts of the page willunderflow with the next unpin (i.e., if the value of the pin count fieldin the PGSTE is zero), INQUIRY 1708. If so, then processing once againexits in failure, STEP 1706. Otherwise, the PTE for the virtual page tobe unpinned is fetched, STEP 1710. In one example, it is fetchedblock-concurrently from host storage.

Thereafter, a determination is made as to whether the page is invalid,INQUIRY 1712. In particular, the page invalid indicator is checked. Ifit is one, then the page is invalid and processing exits in failure,STEP 1706. If the page is valid, then the pin count field in the PGSTEis decremented by one, STEP 1714.

Next, a determination is made as to whether the page state is beingchanged from pinned to unpinned, INQUIRY 1716. If the pin count is nowzero and the pin count is not in an overflow state, then the page statehas transitioned from the pinned to the unpinned state. Thus, the deltapinned page count is decremented by one, STEP 1718. Thereafter, or ifthe page state is not being changed from pinned to unpinned, then thePTE/PGSTE pair is unlocked, STEP 1720. In one example, this includessetting the page, control interlock indicator to zero. This concludesprocessing of the unpin page by PTE address function.

When the unpin function exits with an indication of failure, no changesto the status tables have been made. In this case, the machine behavesas if the function was not invoked and the host is given control tohandle the failure. When this function exits with an indication ofsuccess, the designated page has been unpinned. In this case, the hoststatus tables have been updated by the machine and the previousrequirement to transfer control to the host for page pinning isalleviated.

Described in detail above is processing associated with interpretatingI/O operation requests from pageable storage guests absent hostintervention. The requests can be requests to network protocol (e.g.,internet protocol) or network devices via QDIO adapters or similaradapters based on a network protocol. As a further example, the requestscan be requests to fibre channel attached devices based on a fibrechannel protocol (FCP).

An FCP adapter is connected to other elements in the CPC via a channelpath between the adapter and main storage, similar to non-FCP adapters,such as QDIO adapters. However, processing associated with FCP adaptersis different in some respects than processing associated with non-FCPadapters. For instance, data input and output is performed via a QDIOoutput queue and the QDIO input queue is used only for the adapter tosignal completion of an I/O operation. Further, when the FCP adapterplaces an output queue buffer in the program owned state, the I/Ooperation, including the transfer of data, may not be totally complete.(This is contrary to the QDIO architecture for non-FCP adapters.) Eventhough the buffer is in the program owned state, the program is not toperform any action on the buffer pages until the adapter signalscompletion of the I/O operation through the input queue. However, theprogram may perform actions on the QDIO data structures associated withthe buffers, as long as the buffer pages remain untouched.

When an FCP operation is initiated, a unique request id is passed fromthe program to the adapter. It is this request id that is returned inthe input queue that signals that the operation is totally complete andthat the program may interact with the buffer pages.

Thus, with FCP, there is the ability to disconnect the buffer pages fromthe QDIO data structures. In other words, copies of the addresses of thebuffer pages in the QDIO data structures could be kept in anotherlocation and new buffer pages can be allocated, their addresses placedinto the QDIO data structures, specifically into the desired SBALEs, anda new I/O operation initiated—all while waiting for the request id fromthe adapter that the operation has completed on the original set ofbuffer pages (whose addresses where copied).

To facilitate this retention of a description of the disconnected bufferpages, the FCP Operations Block (FOB) was designed. The FOB is astructure that is built when SQBS is issued by the guest specifying anFCP request, and as the machine resolves and pins pages, it records thehost page table entry addresses of the buffer pages in the FOB. Themachine also records the guest's request id in the FOB and replaces itwith a request id that is equal to the address of the FOB. Then, laterwhen the adapter returns that request id in the input queue and theguest issues EQBS to interrogate the state of the input queue, themachine can locate the FOB, unpin the pages, and replace the request idwith the original guest value that was recorded earlier.

Further details regarding processing for FCP are described withreference to FIGS. 18 a-18 d and 19 a-19 e. In particular, one exampleof the processing associated with an SQBS instruction for the FCPprotocol is described with reference to FIGS. 18 a-18 d, and one exampleof the processing associated with an EQBS instruction for the FCPprotocol is described with reference to FIGS. 19 a-19 e.

Referring initially to FIG. 18 a, prior to invoking a Set QDIO BufferState instruction for FCP, certain initialization takes place. Forexample, the host performs various cleanup tasks, STEP 1800 (FIG. 18 a)including, for instance, removing and processing frames on the processedframe descriptor list. In addition to performing cleanup, the hostensures that there are sufficient frames on the available framedescriptor list and on the available FOB list, STEP 1802.

Subsequent to performing cleanup and/or ensuring there are sufficientframes on the relevant lists, a host can start interpretive execution ofthe program, STEP 1804. The program begins to execute and duringexecution, the program selects the next QDIO buffer to be transferred tothe adapter, STEP 1806. The program fills in the SBAL with the programabsolute addresses of the storage blocks to be used for the datatransfer, STEP 1808. Further, the program transfers ownership of thebuffer to the adapter by issuing a Set QDIO Buffer State instructionchanging the state of the QDIO buffer from program owned to adapterowned, STEP 1810.

In response to the SQBS instruction being issued, the machine performs ahost enablement check to determine whether the host enabled the guestfor the QEBSM facility, STEP 1812. If a QEBSMI enablement control (e.g.,in guest state) is set to zero indicating non-enablement, STEP 1814,then processing is to be completed by the host instead of the machine,STEP 1816. When a condition is encountered during Set QDIO Buffer Stateinterpretation that requires some action or service from the host,either an instruction interception or a partial execution interception(PEI) is recognized, an interception parameter is set with the Set QDIOBuffer State instruction text, and for PEI, QEBSM-PEI parameters are setin guest state.

Next, the machine performs a subchannel determination, STEP 1818, inwhich a determination is made as to whether the subchannel token matchesthe token stored in the subchannel specified by the QBICB. If not, thenprocessing is completed by the host, STEP 1820. Otherwise, processingcontinues with the machine.

Moreover, a determination is made by the machine as to whether the SQBSoperands are valid, STEP 1822. If any of the operands are invalid, thenprocessing ends, and a condition code and condition code qualifier areset, STEP 1824. Otherwise, processing continues.

Next, an attempt is made to acquire the queue storage descriptor lockfor the specified queue, STEP 1826. If the QSD lock is not acquired,then processing is completed by the host, STEP 1828. Otherwise,processing continues by the machine.

The following logic is repeated for the number of QDIO buffers specifiedby the count field in the SQBS instruction. Initially, the SQBN, programSBAL and corresponding host SBAL for the QDIO buffer to be processed arelocated, STEP 1830. Thereafter, a determination is made as to whetherthe specified buffer is currently owned by the program, STEP 1832. Ifthe buffer is not owned by the program, then processing completes with acondition code and condition code qualifier, STEP 1834. Otherwise,processing continues with a determination as to whether the state of thespecified buffer is to be extracted with the EQBS instruction, STEP 1836(FIG. 18 b). If so, then again processing completes with a conditioncode and condition code qualifier, STEP 1838. Otherwise, processingcontinues with copying the contents of the guest SBAL to the host SBAL,STEP 1840. Moreover, the buffer synchronization and EQBS operationrequired bits in the host's SBAL are set, STEP 1842.

Further, if the SBAL buffer sequence bits indicate this is a new FCPrequest (as opposed to the continuation of a request spanning multipleSBALs), then the previous FCP request, if any, is marked as completed,STEP 1844. For instance, the host SBALE 0 entry is checked for anindication of a new request: If the buffer sequence type in theSBAL-Flags (SBALF) field of the guest SBALE 0 indicates that a commandis specified, the pending request component FOB list completion bit inthe queue flags field of the QSD address is one, and there are FOBs inthe active request head FOB list, the construction complete bit in theflags field of the first head FOB in the list is set to 1, and thepending request component FOB list complete bit in the queue flags fieldof the QSD address is set to zero.

Next, a determination is made as to whether there is an FOB on theavailable FOB list, STEP 1846. If not, then processing is completed bythe host, STEP 1848. Otherwise, processing continues by the machine. Forexample, the first available FOB from the available FOB list is removedfrom that list and the available FOB count is decremented by one, STEP1850. Then, the new FOB is added to the appropriate list based on thebuffer sequence bits in the SBAL, STEP 1852. For instance, if this isthe first or only SBAL, then this is a new FCP request. In that case,the FOB is a head FOB and is inserted on the active request FOB list andthe request is marked active in the FOB. However, if this is the middleor last SBAL, then this is a continuation or the last SBAL of a multipleSBAL FCP request. Thus, this FOB is a non-head component FOB and isadded to the request component FOB list of the first head FOB on theactive request FOB list anchored in the queue storage descriptor.

For a head FOB, the following processing occurs, STEP 1854:

-   -   1) The pending request component completion indicator in the QSD        flags is set, STEP 1856;    -   2) The request identifier specified by the program in SBALE 0 is        saved in the guest request id field, STEP 1858;    -   3) The address of the QSD is stored in the queue storage        descriptor address field in the FOB to identify the specific        queue associated with this request, STEP 1860 (FIG. 18 c);    -   4) The address of the QBICB is stored in the QDIO buffer        information control block address field to associate the        subchannel to this request, STEP 1862;    -   5) The address of the head FOB is set as the request id field in        SBALE 0 of the host SBAL, STEP 1864; and    -   6) The FCP storage block type from SBALF 0 is stored in the        storage block type in the FOB to define the type of storage        operation to be performed, STEP 1866.

Further, for each meaningful host SBALE that has a valid storage blockaddress, the following functions are performed, STEP 1868:

-   -   1) The program absolute (host virtual) storage block address is        fetched from the host SBALE, STEP 1870;    -   2) An HPMA pin function is invoked to translate and lock the        page in storage, STEP 1872. In one example, the HPMA function is        invoked and passed the following input data items:        -   The host virtual address to be pinned: The guest storage            block data address from the host SBALE is the virtual            address to be pinned.        -   The effective host address space control element (ASCE) of            the address space in which the page is to be pinned: The            primary address space control element (PASCE) is specified            as the effective ASCE.        -   A fetch or store access indication: If the specified queue            is an input queue, a store access operation is indicated. If            the specified queue is an output queue and the QBICB            queue-format (QFMT) field indicates that the queue is not a            format-1 output queue, a fetch-access operation is            indicated. If the specified queue is an output queue and the            QBICB queue-format (QFMT) field indicates that the queue is            a format-1 output queue, then a fetch access operation is            indicated, if the host SBALE designates a write buffer            storage block; otherwise, a store access operation is            indicated.        -   An indication whether the content of the page may be            replaced: If the specified queue is an input queue, page            content replacement is indicated. If the specified queue is            an output queue and the QBICB queue format (QFMT) field            indicates that the queue is not a format-1 output queue,            page content replacement is not indicated. If the specified            queue is an output queue and the QBICB queue format (QFMT)            field indicates that the queue is a format-1 output queue,            then page replacement is indicated, if the host SBALE            designates a status read buffer or a read buffer storage            block and the data count in the SBALE is, for instance, 4 K            bytes.    -   3) If the HPMA pin function is unsuccessful, STEP 1874, then        processing is completed by the host, STEP 1876. Otherwise,        processing continues by the machine. For instance, if the HPMA        pin host page function completes with an indication of success,        the page frame real address returned by the pin host page        function is copied into the data address field of the host SBALE        and the pinned page indicator bit in the virtualization flags        (VFlags) field of the current SBALE is set to 1. If the HPMA pin        host page function completes with an indication that a validity        interception should be recognized, the indicated validity        interception is recognized. If the HPMA pin host page function        completes with an indication of failure, a partial execution        interception is recognized and the partial execution        interception reason code in the QEBSM-PEI parameters field in        guest state is set according to the HPMA pin host page function        failure reason; otherwise, processing continues.    -   4) The PTE address returned by HPMA is moved into the next        available entry in the FOB PTE address array and the PTE count        field is incremented by one, STEP 1878 (FIG. 18 d); and    -   5) The data count field from the host SBALE is added to the byte        transfer count in the QSD, STEP 1880.

If this is the last SBAL of a multiple SBAL or the only SBAL of an FCPrequest, then the request is marked as complete in the FOB and thepending request FOB list completion indicator is set to 0, STEP 1882.

Thereafter, the buffer's SQBN is set to the adapter owned statespecified by the SQBS instruction, STEP 1884. Additionally, the SQBSbuffer number is incremented by one, STEP 1886, and the SQBS count fieldis decremented by one, STEP 1888.

A determination is made as to whether the SQBS count is equal to zero,STEP 1890. Should the SQBS count not be equal to zero, then processingcontinues with locate the SQBN, program SBAL and host SBAL for the QDIObuffer to be processed, STEP 1830 (FIG. 18 a). However, if the SQBScount is equal to zero, then processing continues with unlocking the QSDlock, STEP 1892. If successful, an indication of success is forwarded tothe program, STEP 1894. If this is the last QDIO buffer to betransferred at this time, then a SIGA-wt instruction is issued, STEP1896.

In addition to the above changes associated with processing an SQBSinstruction for the FCP protocol, there are changes associated with theEQBS instruction. One example of the logic associated with the EQBSinstruction for FCP requests is described with reference to FIGS. 19a-19 e.

Prior to running the program, certain initialization takes place. Forexample, the host performs various cleanup tasks, STEP 1900, including,for instance, removing and processing frames on a processed framedescriptor list. Further, the host ensures that there are sufficientframes on the available frame descriptor list and the available FOBlist, STEP 1902. Thereafter, the host starts interpretive execution ofthe program, STEP 1904.

During execution, the program selects the next outstanding QDIO bufferor buffers the program is waiting for the adapter to finish processing,STEP 1906. The program then issues the EQBS instruction to retrieve thecurrent state of the selected buffer(s), STEP 1908.

In response to the EQBS instruction being issued, the machine performs ahost enablement check to determine whether the host enabled the guestfor the QEBSM facility, STEP 1910. If the guest is not a pageablestorage mode guest or the QEBSMI facility enablement control is zero,INQUIRY 1912, then processing is to be completed by the host, STEP 1914.Otherwise, processing continues with the machine.

Next, the machine performs a subchannel determination, STEP 1916. If thesubchannel token does not match the token stored in the subchannelspecified by the QBICB, then processing is completed by the host, STEP1914; otherwise, processing continues with the machine.

Further, a determination is made as to whether the EQBS operands arevalid, STEP 1918. If one or more of the operands are invalid, thenprocessing ends, and a condition code and condition code qualifier areset, STEP 1920. Otherwise, processing continues.

An attempt is made by the machine to acquire a queue storage descriptorlock for the specified queue, STEP 1922. If the QSD lock is notacquired, a partial execution interception is recognized and processingcontinues with the host, STEP 1924. However, if the lock is acquired(e.g., the interlocked update operation succeeds), processing continueswith the machine.

Next, the SQBN for the first QDIO buffer is located, STEP 1926. Thestate of this buffer is the state that will be returned upon instructioncompletion in STATE.

The following logic is repeated for the number of QDIO buffers specifiedby the count field on the EQBS instruction. Initially, the SQBN, programSBAL, and corresponding host SBAL for the QDIO buffer to be processedare located, STEP 1928. Next, a determination is made as to whether theSQBN matches the STATE to be returned, STEP 1930 (FIG. 19 b). If not,then processing ends, and a condition code and condition code qualifierare set, STEP 1932. Otherwise, processing continues.

If the queue is an FCP (e.g., format 1) output queue and the SQBNspecifies a program owned state, then the buffer synchronizationrequired and EQBS operation required indicators in the host SBAL areturned off, STEP 1934. Moreover, the SBALF fields, except for SBALF 2,are copied into the corresponding fields in the program SBALE, STEP1936.

If the specified buffer is currently owned by the program and it is aformat 1 input queue, then the following steps are performed formeaningful SBALEs for which the SBALE request identifier field is notzero in the host SBAL, STEP 1938:

-   -   1) The absolute address of the head FOB that represents the        completed FCP request is the request identifier returned in the        host SBALE.

A determination is made as to whether this request identifier specifiesa valid FOB, STEP 1940. For instance, a check is made as to whether thesubchannel token in the QBICB specified in the FOB pointed to by therequest id matches the token specified on the SQBS instruction. If not,then processing is completed by the host, STEP 1942; otherwise,processing continues with the machine.

-   -   2) The head FOB returned by the adapter is validated for this        user by verifying that the subchannel token in the QBICB        specified in the FOB matches the token specified on the SQBS        instruction. If the FOB is not for this user, STEP 1944, then        processing is completed by the host, STEP 1946;

otherwise, processing continues with the machine.

-   -   3) An attempt is made to acquire the QSD lock for the output        queue specified in the FOB that was built when the FCP request        was initiated. If the lock cannot be acquired in a reasonable        amount of time, STEP 1948 (FIG. 19 c), then processing is        completed by the host, STEP 1950; otherwise, processing        continues with the machine. In this step and steps to follow in        which processing is to be completed by the host after the        machine has obtained one or more locks, the state of those locks        is first changed to “locked for the host by the machine.”    -   4) It is verified that the FOB is currently on the active        request list and is complete. If the request active and        construction complete indicators are on and the request id        posted indicator is off in the FOB flag, STEP 1952, then        processing is completed by the host, STEP 1954; otherwise,        processing continues with the machine.    -   5) A request id posted indicator in the head FOB flag field is        set on, STEP 1956.    -   6) The following logic occurs for the head FOB which represents        the request and the component FOBs that may be associated and        linked off the head FOB, the head FOB being processed last, STEP        1958:        -   a) For each nonzero PTE address array entry in the FOB that            is within the range specified by the FOB PTE count, the HPMA            unpin host by PTE address function is invoked, STEP 1960. If            the unpin function is unsuccessful, then processing is            completed by the host, STEP 1962; otherwise, processing            continues with the machine.        -   b) If this is a component FOB, then it is removed from the            request component FOB list anchored off the head FOB, STEP            1964 (FIG. 19 d).        -   c) If this is a head FOB, then copy the guest request id            from the head FOB into the request id field of the program            SBALE, zero the request id in the host SBALE to indicate the            request id was processed and remove the head FOB from the            active request FOB list anchored off the output queue QSD,            STEP 1966.        -   d) Clear prespecified words of the FOB, insert it at the            beginning of the available FOB list, and increment the            available FOB count by one, STEP 1968.    -   7) The output queue QSD lock is released, STEP 1970.    -   8) The buffer synchronization required and EQBS operation        required indicators are turned off in the host SBAL, and the        state transition count is incremented by one, STEP 1972.

If the acknowledged input buffer control is one and the value in theSQBN indicates the input buffer primed state, then the SQBN is set tothe input buffer acknowledged state, STEP 1974.

Thereafter, the EQBS buffer number is incremented by one, STEP 1976, andthe EQBS count field is decremented by one, STEP 1978. If the EQBS countfield is not equal to zero, STEP 1980 (FIG. 19 e), then processingcontinues with locate the SQBN, program SBAL, and corresponding hostSBAL for the QDIO buffer to be processed, STEP 1928 (FIG. 19 a).Otherwise, processing is complete, STEP 1982. The program may thenprocess the buffers that have transitioned from the adapter owned to theprogram owned state, STEP 1984.

As described above, the QDIO architecture is extended such that pageablestorage mode guests may experience near native QDIO performance. ThisV=V QDIO passthrough capability can approach the same levels ofprocessor efficiency as would be derived natively in the absence of thevirtual machine operating environment. This is accomplished byrelocating the QDIO buffer state information from the pageable storagemode guests execution address space into host (e.g., VM host) storageand implementing instructions to allow the guest to manipulate thebuffer states and manage host translations and shadow structuresaccordingly. Two instructions are introduced that give the program thecapability to manage QDIO buffer states by queue number/buffer numberdesignation, instead of by directly addressing the buffer states inprogram storage. This abstracted form of buffer state designation allowsthe interpreted versions of these instructions to be implemented in amanner that improves the performance of pageable mode virtual machineQDIO operations. It also allows reduction in SIGA overhead (fewerSIGAs). Moreover, the subchannel token representation allowsinterpretation of SIGA for subchannels assigned in the program, thuseliminating host involvement in SIGA handling in most cases.

A QDIO subchannel is enabled for QDIO Enhanced Buffer State Management,when an Establish QDIO Queues CCW command that specifies a request forQDIO Enhanced Buffer State Management enablement successfully completes.

A QDIO subchannel is disabled for QDIO Enhanced Buffer State Management,when an Establish QDIO Queues CCW command that does not specify arequest for QDIO Enhanced Buffer State Management enablementsuccessfully executes or an action or event occurs which causesdisestablishment of the queues from the subchannel.

Bit 7 of the QDIO adapter characteristics 1 (QDIOAC1) field in thesubchannel QDIO data block that is part of the CHSC Store SubchannelQDIO Data command response block indicates whether QDIO Enhanced BufferState Management is enabled for a specific subchannel.

When a QDIO subchannel is enabled for QDIO Enhanced Buffer StateManagement, the subchannel is designated by its subchannel token ingeneral register 1 for the following instructions:

-   -   Signal Adapter (SIGA)—in particular, SIGA-rt (read by token) and        SIGA-wt (write by token), which are alternatives to SIGA-r and        SIGA-w. The SIGA-rt and SIGA-wt instructions perform the same        functions as SIGA-r and SIGA-w, respectively; however, a token        instead of a subsystem id is used to designate the subchannel.        Examples of SIGA-r and SIGA-w are described in “Self-Contained        Queues With Associated Control Information For Receipt And        Transfer Of Incoming And Outgoing Data Using A Queued Direct        Input-Output Device,” Baskey et al., U.S. Pat. No. 6,332,171 B1,        issued Dec. 18, 2001, which is hereby incorporated herein by        reference in its entirety;    -   Set QDIO Buffer State (SQBS); and    -   Extract QDIO Buffer State (EQBS).

The subchannel token is obtained from the subchannel token field of thesubchannel QDIO data block that is part of the response to a CHSC StoreSubchannel QDIO data command that is executed after the subchannel hasbeen enabled for QEBSM. Thus, to effect QEBSM enablement and to obtain asubchannel token for a specific subchannel, the program executes thefollowing sequence:

-   -   1. Execute CHSC Store Subchannel QDIO Data to verify that QEBSM        is available for the subchannel.    -   2. Execute Establish QDIO Queues CCW command to enable the        subchannel for QEBSM.    -   3. Execute CHSC Store Subchannel QDIO Data in order to verify        that QEBSM is enabled, to obtain the subchannel token, and to        examine the adapter's characteristics, some of which may have        changed as a result of successful execution of the Establish        QDIO Queues CCW command.

After a QDIO subchannel has been enabled for QEBSM, the Set QDIO BufferState (SQBS) instruction is used to change the states of the queuebuffers active on the subchannel. Timely use of the Extract QDIO BufferState (EQBS) instruction to interrogate the states of the queue buffersactive on the subchannel allows host pages to be unpinned in a mannerthat does not unduly stress the storage over-commitment that isassociated with the management of a high number of pageable storage modeguests. Alternatively, if a program is not well behaved or the demandfor host storage is high, the host can unpin any pinned buffer page inthe program owned state without waiting for a guest to issue EQBS.

Once the state of a buffer has been changed from a program owned stateto an adapter owned state by Set QDIO Buffer State, the state is to beinterrogated by Extract QDIO Buffer State and found to have reverted toa program owned state before another SET QDIO BUFFER STATE is used againfor that buffer. In summary, the guest prepares the data buffers andexecutes the Set QDIO Buffer State (SQBS) instruction. The SQBSinstruction attempts to ensure all specified buffer pages are resident.If a buffer page has not been referenced, host page management assistfunctions are used to dynamically assign a new frame in the page table,pin the page and update the host shadow QDIO SBAL entry. If, however, abuffer page exists, is currently paged out, and is an input queue bufferpage, host page management assist functions are used to dynamicallyassign a new frame in the page table, pin the page, and update the hostshadow QDIO SBAL entry.

Adapter initiated state changes from adapter owned to program ownedstate are directly observable by the guest via the Extract QDIO BufferState (EQBS) instruction which specifies buffers that the program hadearlier placed in an adapter owned state and returns the current bufferstate.

In addition to the above, a host page management assist facility (HPMA)can be invoked by other CPU facilities during the interpretation of apageable storage mode guest. One or more aspects of the HPMA facilitymay be used with or without the QDIO architecture. HPMA includes, forinstance, four HPMA assist functions, such as a resolve host pagefunction, a pin host page function, an unpin host page by virtualaddress function and an unpin host page by PTE address function.

If a host page invalid condition exists on an instruction fetch orinstruction operand access and the host page management assist isenabled, the resolve host page function may be invoked. The resolve hostpage function may be used during the translation process to dynamicallyresolve a host page invalid condition and prevent a page translationexception from being recognized. If the resolve host page functioncompletes successfully, in one example, the unit of operation for whichthe host page invalid condition existed is nullified and retried. If theresolve host page function completes unsuccessfully, the original hostpage invalid condition is handled, as if the host page management assistis not enabled.

QEBSM in conjunction with HPMA provides the following advantages andperformance improvement: Less SIE entry/exit overhead and less overheadfor host context switching and routing (more cycles for productivework); eliminates host shadow copy of QDIO buffer states and associatedsynchronization overhead; dynamic updating of page status table andtranslation tables; dynamic prevention of host page faults; improvedQDIO shadowing; and dynamic maintenance of host shadow structures by theCPU while in the interpretive execution mode without host intervention.

While various examples and embodiments are described herein, these areonly examples, and many variations are included within the scope of thepresent invention. For example, the computing environment describedherein is only one example. Many other environments, including othertypes of communications environments, may include one or more aspects ofthe present invention. For instance, different types of processors,guests and/or hosts may be employed. Moreover, other types ofarchitectures can employ one or more aspects of the present invention.

Further, in the examples of the data structures and flows providedherein, the creation and/or use of different fields may include manyvariations, such as a different number of bits; bits in a differentorder; more, less or different bits than described herein; more, less ordifferent fields; fields in a differing order; different sizes offields; etc. Again, these fields were only provided as an example, andmany variations may be included. Further, indicators and/or controlsdescribed herein may be of many different forms. For instance, they maybe represented in a manner other than by bits. Additionally, althoughthe term address is used herein, any designation may be used.

Moreover, although aspects of the invention are described with respectto an internet protocol and fibre channel protocol, again, these areonly examples. Other protocols may benefit from one or more aspects ofthe present invention, including, but not limited to other networkprotocols.

Again, although HPMA is described with reference to QDIO and theexamples described herein, one or more aspects of HPMA are usable bythemselves. The use with QDIO is only one example.

As used herein, the term “page” is used to refer to a fixed-size orpredefined-size area of storage. The size of the page can vary, althoughin the examples provided herein, a page is 4 K. Similarly, a buffer is astructure to hold data and many types and sizes of structures arepossible. Similarly, a storage block is a block of storage and as usedherein, is equivalent to a page of storage. However, in otherembodiments, there may be different sizes of blocks of storage and/orpages. Many other alternatives are possible. Further, although terms,such as queues, lists, tables, etc. are used herein, any types of datastructures may be used. Again, those mentioned herein are just examples.

The present invention can be included in an article of manufacture(e.g., one or more computer program products) having, for instance,computer usable media. The media has therein, for instance, computerreadable program code means or logic (e.g., instructions, code,commands, etc.) to provide and facilitate the capabilities of thepresent invention. The article of manufacture can be included as a partof a computer system or sold separately.

Additionally, at least one program storage device readable by a machineembodying at least one program of instructions executable by the machineto perform the capabilities of the present invention can be provided.

The flow diagrams depicted herein are just examples. There may be manyvariations to these diagrams or the steps (or operations) describedtherein without departing from the spirit of the invention. Forinstance, the steps may be performed in a differing order, or steps maybe added, deleted or modified. All of these variations are considered apart of the claimed invention.

Although preferred embodiments have been depicted and described indetail herein, it will be apparent to those skilled in the relevant artthat various modifications, additions, substitutions and the like can bemade without departing from the spirit of the invention and these aretherefore considered to be within the scope of the invention as definedin the following claims.

1. A method of facilitating data transfer in a pageable mode virtualenvironment, said method comprising: obtaining by a processor of thepageable mode virtual environment an indication of a buffer to be usedin data transfer, the buffer being associated with a guest programoperating in a pageable mode virtual machine of the pageable modevirtual environment; and performing by the processor processingassociated with the buffer to enable data transfer, said performingbeing absent intervention of a host of the pageable mode virtualenvironment.
 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising providing inhost storage state information for the buffer, and wherein theperforming comprises manipulating by the processor the stateinformation.
 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the manipulatingcomprises employing at least one instruction issued by the guest programand executed by the processor to manipulate the state information. 4.The method of claim 3, wherein the at least one instruction comprises atleast one of a set buffer state instruction and an extract buffer stateinstruction.
 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the obtaining comprisesreceiving the indication of the buffer from the guest program.
 6. Themethod of claim 5, wherein the guest program transfers the indication ofthe buffer to the processor via an instruction.
 7. The method of claim1, wherein the buffer is associated with a device identified by a token,and wherein the performing comprises: checking validity of the token;and continuing processing associated with the buffer, in response to anindication of a valid token.
 8. The method of claim 1, wherein thebuffer is a buffer of a queue, and wherein the performing compriseslocking the queue to perform processing associated with the buffer. 9.The method of claim 8, wherein the processing encounters an exceptioncausing processing to be completed by the host instead of the processor,and said method further comprises transferring ownership of the lockfrom the processor to the host.
 10. The method of claim 1, wherein theperforming comprises: identifying one or more pages of the buffer to beused in data transfer; and pinning the one or more pages in physicalhost storage.
 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the pinning isinitiated via a set buffer state instruction.
 12. The method of claim10, wherein a page of the one or more pages to be pinned is invalid inthat it is not resident in physical storage, and wherein the performingfurther comprises resolving the page to make it valid.
 13. The method ofclaim 12, wherein the resolving comprises dynamically resolving theinvalid page using a list of one or more available descriptors providedto the processor, the one or more available descriptors specifying oneor more available page frames usable in backing the page in physicalstorage.
 14. The method of claim 10, further comprising: determiningwhether one or more pages of the buffer are to be unpinned; andunpinning the one or more pages.
 15. The method of claim 14, wherein thedata transfer comprises employing a fibre channel protocol, and whereinthe determining comprises checking an indication on an input queue as towhether an I/O operation requesting the data transfer is complete, andwherein the unpinning is performed when the indication specifiescompletion.
 16. The method of claim 14, wherein the unpinning isinitiated via an extract buffer state instruction.
 17. The method ofclaim 14, further comprising extracting by the processor a state of thebuffer prior to unpinning one or more pages of the buffer.
 18. Themethod of claim 14, further comprising tracking by the processor atleast one of pinning and unpinning operations for one or more pages. 19.The method of claim 1, wherein the performing comprises changing a stateof the buffer.
 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the changing thestate comprises changing the state from program owned to adapter owned.21. The method of claim 1, wherein the obtaining comprises obtaining anidentification of a page of the buffer to be used in data transfer, andwherein the performing comprises: determining whether the page isresident in physical storage; resolving the page to make the pageresident, in response to the determining indicating that the page is notresident; and pinning the page in physical storage.
 22. The method ofclaim 21, wherein the data transfer is associated with an inputoperation for which the prior contents of the page are not needed, andwherein the resolving includes associating the page with a previouslycleared page frame.
 23. The method of claim 21, wherein the obtaining ofthe identification of the page comprises receiving a guest datastructure that includes a guest program designation of the page, andwherein the performing further comprises: copying by the processor atleast a portion of the contents of the guest data structure to a hostdata structure; fetching from the host data structure the guest programdesignation to be used in determining whether the page is resident inphysical storage; obtaining a host designation of the page; and placingthe host designation of the page in the host data structure, the hostdesignation usable in data transfer.
 24. The method of claim 23, furthercomprising changing a state of the buffer to adapter owned to enable anadapter of the pageable mode virtual environment to access the buffer.25. The method of claim 24, wherein the adapter accesses the page of thebuffer using the host designation.
 26. The method of claim 23, whereinthe guest data structure is received from the guest program.
 27. Themethod of claim 23, further comprising: determining whether an unpinoperation is to be performed; and performing the unpin operation, inresponse to the determining indicating that the unpin operation is to beperformed.
 28. The method of claim 27, wherein the buffer is associatedwith a queue and wherein the method comprises locking the queue toperform processing on the buffer.
 29. The method of claim 28, whereinthe buffer corresponds to a device identified by a token, and theperforming processing further comprises validating the token.
 30. Themethod of claim 1, wherein the data transfer involves a communicationsadapter.
 31. The method of claim 1, wherein the data transfer involves afibre channel protocol adapter.
 32. The method of claim 1, furthercomprising interrogating by the guest program state of the buffer. 33.The method of claim 32, wherein the interrogating is via an extractbuffer state instruction.
 34. A method of facilitating processing ofinput/output (I/O) operations in a pageable mode virtual environment,said method comprising: processing by a processor of the pageable modevirtual environment an I/O operation of a guest program operating in avirtual machine of the pageable mode virtual environment, wherein theprocessing is absent intervention by a host of the pageable mode virtualenvironment.
 35. The method of claim 34, wherein the I/O operationcomprises a queued direct I/O (QDIO) operation.
 36. The method of claim35, wherein the QDIO operation involves a communications adapter. 37.The method of claim 35, wherein the QDIO operation involves a fibrechannel protocol adapter.
 38. A system of facilitating data transfer ina pageable mode virtual environment, said system comprising: means forobtaining by a processor of the pageable mode virtual environment anindication of a buffer to be used in data transfer, the buffer beingassociated with a guest program operating in a pageable mode virtualmachine of the pageable mode virtual environment; and means forperforming by the processor processing associated with the buffer toenable data transfer, the performing being absent intervention of a hostof the pageable mode virtual environment.
 39. The system of claim 38,further comprising means for providing in host storage state informationfor the buffer, and wherein the means for performing comprises means formanipulating by the processor the state information.
 40. The system ofclaim 38, wherein the means for obtaining comprises means for receivingthe indication of the buffer from the guest program.
 41. The system ofclaim 38, wherein the buffer is associated with a device identified by atoken, and wherein the means for performing comprises: means forchecking validity of the token; and means for continuing processingassociated with the buffer, in response to an indication of a validtoken.
 42. The system of claim 38, wherein the buffer is a buffer of aqueue, and wherein the means for performing comprises means for lockingthe queue to perform processing associated with the buffer.
 43. Thesystem of claim 42, wherein the processing encounters an exceptioncausing processing to be completed by the host instead of the processor,and said system further comprises means for transferring ownership ofthe lock from the processor to the host.
 44. The system of claim 38,wherein the means for performing comprises: means for identifying one ormore pages of the buffer to be used in data transfer; and means forpinning the one or more pages in physical host storage.
 45. The systemof claim 44, wherein a page of the one or more pages to be pinned isinvalid in that it is not resident in physical storage, and wherein themeans for performing further comprises means for resolving the page tomake it valid.
 46. The system of claim 45, wherein the means forresolving comprises means for dynamically resolving the invalid pageusing a list of one or more available descriptors provided to theprocessor, the one or more available descriptors specifying one or moreavailable page frames usable in backing the page in physical storage.47. The system of claim 44, further comprising: means for determiningwhether one or more pages of the buffer are to be unpinned; and meansfor unpinning the one or more pages.
 48. The system of claim 47, furthercomprising means for extracting by the processor a state of the bufferprior to unpinning one or more pages of the buffer.
 49. The system ofclaim 47, further comprising means for tracking by the processor atleast one of pinning and unpinning operations for one or more pages. 50.The system of claim 38, wherein the means for performing comprises meansfor changing a state of the buffer.
 51. The system of claim 38, whereinthe means for obtaining comprises means for obtaining an identificationof a page of the buffer to be used in data transfer, and wherein themeans for performing comprises: means for determining whether the pageis resident in physical storage; means for resolving the page to makethe page resident, in response to the determining indicating that thepage is not resident; and means for pinning the page in physicalstorage.
 52. The system of claim 51, wherein the data transfer isassociated with an input operation for which the prior contents of thepage are not needed, and wherein the means for resolving includes meansfor associating the page with a previously cleared page frame.
 53. Thesystem of claim 51, wherein the means for obtaining the identificationof the page comprises means for receiving a guest data structure thatincludes a guest program designation of the page, and wherein the meansfor performing further comprises: means for copying by the processor atleast a portion of the contents of the guest data structure to a hostdata structure; means for fetching from the host data structure theguest program designation to be used in determining whether the page isresident in physical storage; means for obtaining a host designation ofthe page; and means for placing the host designation of the page in thehost data structure, the host designation usable in data transfer. 54.The system of claim 53, further comprising means for changing a state ofthe buffer to adapter owned to enable an adapter of the pageable modevirtual environment to access the buffer.
 55. The system of claim 53,further comprising: means for determining whether an unpin operation isto be performed; and means for performing the unpin operation, inresponse to the determining indicating that the unpin operation is to beperformed.
 56. The system of claim 55, wherein the buffer is associatedwith a queue and wherein the system comprises means for locking thequeue to perform processing on the buffer.
 57. The system of claim 56,wherein the buffer corresponds to a device identified by a token, andthe means for performing processing further comprises means forvalidating the token.
 58. The system of claim 38, further comprisingmeans for interrogating by the guest program state of the buffer.
 59. Asystem of facilitating data transfer in a pageable mode virtualenvironment, said system comprising: a processor of the pageable modevirtual environment adapted to obtain an indication of a buffer to beused in data transfer, the buffer being associated with a guest programoperating in a pageable mode virtual machine of the pageable modevirtual environment; and the processor being further adapted to performprocessing associated with the buffer to enable data transfer, theperforming being absent intervention of a host of the pageable modevirtual environment.
 60. An article of manufacture comprising: at leastone computer usable medium having computer readable program code logicto manage facilitating data transfer in a pageable mode virtualenvironment, the computer readable program code logic comprising: obtainlogic to obtain by a processor of the pageable mode virtual environmentan indication of a buffer to be used in data transfer, the buffer beingassociated with a guest program operating in a pageable mode virtualmachine of the pageable mode virtual environment; and perform logic toperform by the processor processing associated with the buffer to enabledata transfer, the performing being absent intervention of a host of thepageable mode virtual environment.
 61. The article of manufacture ofclaim 60, further comprising provide logic to provide in host storagestate information for the buffer, and wherein the perform logiccomprises manipulate logic to manipulate by the processor the stateinformation.
 62. The article of manufacture of claim 60, wherein theobtain logic comprises receive logic to receive the indication of thebuffer from the guest program.
 63. The article of manufacture of claim60, wherein the buffer is associated with a device identified by atoken, and wherein the perform logic comprises: check logic to checkvalidity of the token; and continue logic to continue processingassociated with the buffer, in response to an indication of a validtoken.
 64. The article of manufacture of claim 60, wherein the buffer isa buffer of a queue, and wherein the perform logic comprises lock logicto lock the queue to perform processing associated with the buffer. 65.The article of manufacture of claim 64, wherein the processingencounters an exception causing processing to be completed by the hostinstead of the processor, and said process logic further comprisestransfer logic to transfer ownership of the lock from the processor tothe host.
 66. The article of manufacture of claim 60, wherein theperform logic comprises: identify logic to identify one or more pages ofthe buffer to be used in data transfer; and pin logic to pin the one ormore pages in physical host storage.
 67. The article of manufacture ofclaim 66, wherein a page of the one or more pages to be pinned isinvalid in that it is not resident in physical storage, and wherein theperform logic further comprises resolve logic to resolve the page tomake it valid.
 68. The article of manufacture of claim 67, wherein theresolve logic comprises logic to dynamically resolve the invalid pageusing a list of one or more available descriptors provided to theprocessor, the one or more available descriptors specifying one or moreavailable page frames usable in backing the page in physical storage.69. The article of manufacture of claim 66, further comprising:determine logic to determine whether one or more pages of the buffer areto be unpinned; and unpin logic to unpin the one or more pages.
 70. Thearticle of manufacture of claim 69, further comprising extract logic toextract by the processor a state of the buffer prior to unpinning one ormore pages of the buffer.
 71. The article of manufacture of claim 69,further comprising track logic to track by the processor at least one ofpinning and unpinning operations for one or more pages.
 72. The articleof manufacture of claim 60, wherein the perform logic to performcomprises change logic to change a state of the buffer.
 73. The articleof manufacture of claim 60, wherein the obtain logic comprises logic toobtain an identification of a page of the buffer to be used in datatransfer, and wherein the perform logic comprises: determine logic todetermine whether the page is resident in physical storage; resolvelogic to resolve the page to make the page resident, in response to thedetermining indicating that the page is not resident; and pin logic topin the page in physical storage.
 74. The article of manufacture ofclaim 73, wherein the data transfer is associated with an inputoperation for which the prior contents of the page are not needed, andwherein the resolving includes associating the page with a previouslycleared page frame.
 75. The article of manufacture of claim 73, whereinthe obtain logic to obtain the identification of the page comprisesreceive logic to receive a guest data structure that includes a guestprogram designation of the page, and wherein the perform logic furthercomprises: copy logic to copy by the processor at least a portion of thecontents of the guest data structure to a host data structure; fetchlogic to fetch from the host data structure the guest programdesignation to be used in determining whether the page is resident inphysical storage; obtain logic to obtain a host designation of the page;and place logic to place the host designation of the page in the hostdata structure, the host designation usable in data transfer.
 76. Thearticle of manufacture of claim 75, further comprising change logic tochange a state of the buffer to adapter owned to enable an adapter ofthe pageable mode virtual environment to access the buffer.
 77. Thearticle of manufacture of claim 75, further comprising: determine logicto determine whether an unpin operation is to be performed; and performlogic to perform the unpin operation, in response to the determiningindicating that the unpin operation is to be performed.
 78. The articleof manufacture of claim 77, wherein the buffer is associated with aqueue, and wherein the article of manufacture comprises lock logic tolock the queue to perform processing on the buffer.
 79. The article ofmanufacture of claim 78, wherein the buffer corresponds to a deviceidentified by a token, and the perform logic to perform processingfurther comprises validate logic to validate the token.
 80. The articleof manufacture of 60, further comprising interrogate logic tointerrogate by the guest program state of the buffer.